Impact of ozone on the viability and antioxidant content of grass seeds is affected by a vertically transmitted symbiotic fungus

Gundel, Pedro E.; Sorzoli, N.; Ueno, Andrea C.; Ghersa, Claudio M.; Seal, Charlotte E.; Bastías, Daniel A.; Martínez‐Ghersa, M. Alejandra

doi:10.1016/j.envexpbot.2015.01.001

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…The original population was collected in a semi-natural grassland (Pampa Region, Argentina) where populations usually present high frequency of endophyte-infected plants (Gundel et al, 2009). In 2011, L. multiflorum plants with and without Epichloë occultans were exposed to a high concentration of tropospheric ozone (Gundel et al, 2015). At pre-anthesis, 64 plants growing independently in 2 L pots were placed in any of the 8 open-top chambers with either high (≈120 ppb) or low (<10 ppb) levels of ozone for 5 days (2 h at noon).…”

Section: Lolium Multiflorummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, endophytic seeds of F. rubra (RAB maternal line) had a higher concentration of the lipidsoluble antioxidants α-tocopherol and α-tocotrienol than nonendophytic seeds (Gundel et al, 2012), that may contribute to stabilize membrane functionality (Falk and Munné-Bosch, 2010). In contrast, the glutathione half-cell reduction potential (E GSSG/2GSH ), a marker of the cellular redox state that shifts toward positive values with a loss of seed viability (Kranner et al, 2010;Seal et al, 2010), was more positive in endophytic compared to non-endophytic seeds of L. multiflorum (Gundel et al, 2015). However, the presence of an endophyte does not always contribute toward viability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the presence of an endophyte does not always contribute toward viability. Whereas endophytes enhance the survival of germinating seeds in L. multiflorum and F. rubra (Gundel et al, 2006(Gundel et al, , 2011b, they had a negative effect on seed viability under both cool-dry and wet-warm storage conditions (Gundel et al, 2012(Gundel et al, , 2015. Therefore, endophyte effects on seeds may differ depending on the plant species, seed quality, seed storage conditions and antioxidant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occurrence of Alkaloids in Grass Seeds Symbiotic With Vertically-Transmitted Epichloë Fungal Endophytes and Its Relationship With Antioxidants

et al. 2018

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Host organisms can acquire new functional traits through symbiosis. Seed-transmitted Epichloë fungal endophytes are known to protect host plants against herbivores and increase tolerance to abiotic stresses by alkaloids and antioxidants, respectively (currencies of mutualism). Whereas, alkaloids are fungal products with demonstrated effects at plant vegetative stage, few studies have focused on alkaloids in seeds. We assessed the occurrence of fungal alkaloids and determined their concentrations in seeds of two host grasses, Festuca rubra and Lolium multiflorum. Then, we sought for a relationship with the antioxidants tocochromanols and glutathione, which are involved in the control of oxidative stress. Different alkaloids were detected depending on the species and plant genotype. Most notably, loline alkaloids were not detected in F. rubra seeds, whereas ergovaline and peramine were absent in L. multiflorum. In F. rubra, ergovaline concentration was dependent on the maternal line in interaction with the production year, diminishing in seeds after 1 year of storage. The exposure of L. multiflorum plants to ozone had no effect on the seed concentration of lolines. There was a significant positive relationship between the concentrations of ergovaline and tocochromanols in both species, and between ergovaline concentration and E GSSG/2GSH (glutathione halfcell reduction potential) in RAB maternal line of F. rubra. These results suggest that alkaloid and antioxidants have a close association in seeds of host grasses, and that the alkaloid bioactivity could be related with the antioxidant capacity to control stress. This has important implications for the ecology of partner species, thus supporting its consideration for further research.

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Section: Lolium Multiflorummentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occurrence of Alkaloids in Grass Seeds Symbiotic With Vertically-Transmitted Epichloë Fungal Endophytes and Its Relationship With Antioxidants

et al. 2018

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“…Symbiosis with Epichloë spp. can alter the content of antioxidants in seeds of both Festuca rubra and L. multiflorum (Gundel et al, 2012, 2015). However, while it is clear that this mechanism would be microbial in nature (, Criterion 2), it is not yet known whether levels of microbial products in offspring are caused by a response of the parental plant to the environment (, Criterion 1) or whether the altered phenotype increases plant fitness (, Criteria 3, 4).…”

Section: Case Study: Plant Symbiosis With Fungal Endophytes (Epichloëmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertically transmitted symbionts as mechanisms of transgenerational effects

Gundel

Rudgers

Whitney

2017

American J of Botany

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“…Notably, SOD, APX and H 2 O 2 were dramatically increased after exposure to ozone from day 1 to day 4 and started declining at day 5. Under significant stress, most plants quickly react at early stages by generating antioxidants to encounter ROS (Gundel et al, 2015). Ishii et al (2004) and Agrawal and Rai (2008) found that SOD and APX were increased in rice to eliminate ROS after detoxification proceeded and its product e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining effects of ozone and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae on antioxidants and phytoalexins in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Buawat¹,

Hasegawa²,

Umponstira³

2017

Aust J Crop Sci

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Ozone is the most oxidative air pollutant and considered as an abiotic stress which harm to vegetation and crop. Similarly, biological stressor such as plant pathogen could cause severe damage to crops. Combination effects from both stresses will potentially lead to economic loss. Basically, plants will response to both abiotic stress and pathogenic stressor by generate antioxidants and phytoalexins. The concentration of these chemical indicate stress level in plant and also defence system response. This research is aimed to investigate the combination effects of ozone and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae on antioxidants and phytoalexins in rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. KDML 105). In this study, 45-day-old rice plants were used. Ozone was elevated at concentrations of 100, 200 and 300 ppb in the fumigating chambers for 12 hours. Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae which caused bacterial blight disease in rice was selected as plant pathogen. Combining effects of ozone and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae were examined using ozone at a concentration of 100 ppb and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae 1x10 8 cells/ml inoculation. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with 2×2 factorials treatment and three replications required. Temperature, relative humidity and light intensity in fumigating chambers were controlled. The results of the combining effects showed the amount of antioxidants and phytoalexins were higher than those in single treatment. The experimental data indicated that the combining effects will result in more stress in rice. This suggests that, in rice plantation area with experience of ozone episode, pathogenic resistance rice strain should be considered to reduce combining effects.

show abstract

Impact of ozone on the viability and antioxidant content of grass seeds is affected by a vertically transmitted symbiotic fungus

Cited by 19 publications

References 59 publications

Occurrence of Alkaloids in Grass Seeds Symbiotic With Vertically-Transmitted Epichloë Fungal Endophytes and Its Relationship With Antioxidants

Occurrence of Alkaloids in Grass Seeds Symbiotic With Vertically-Transmitted Epichloë Fungal Endophytes and Its Relationship With Antioxidants

Vertically transmitted symbionts as mechanisms of transgenerational effects

Combining effects of ozone and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae on antioxidants and phytoalexins in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

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