Impact of oxidizing honeycomb catalysts integrated in firewood stoves on emissions under real-life operating conditions

Reichert, G.; Schmidl, Christoph; Haslinger, Walter; Stressler, Harald; Sturmlechner, Rita; Schwabl, M.; Wöhler, Marius; Hochenauer, Christoph

doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2018.04.016

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Previous studies of Krpec et al [9] and Reichert et al [10] have proven a positive influence on the decrease of mass concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) and organic gaseous compounds (OgC) in the flue gas of a small scale batch combustion stove. Flue gas temperature during both tests ranged between 300°C and 500°C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of catalysts in the point of view of pellet stove flue gas purification

Ryšavý¹,

Horák²,

Hopan³

et al. 2019

Int. J. EQ

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Monolithic catalysts are used as a method for the flue gases purifying by oxidation of gas products from incomplete combustion. This study is focused on three different types of monolithic catalysts and quantification of their degree of influence on mass concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) and organic gaseous compounds (OgCs) in real small-scale wood pellet stove. Catalysts were placed right behind the stove at the flue gas outlet. The comparison consisted of quantification of their influence on the selected pollutants during the few-hours steady operation of the small-scale pellet stove. Reference values of the selected pollutants were defined during the combustion test without a catalyst installed. in this article, three catalysts based on different active compounds: wO 3 -v 2 O 5 , Pd and Pt were tested. The palladium-based catalyst has proven the best degree of conversion of CO (almost 78%). The platinum-based catalyst has proven the best degree of conversion of OgC (almost 64%). Due to a big degree of clogging by solid particles of all catalysts during the tests, it is impossible to operate the chosen stove with tested types of catalysts in normal operation at home conditions. without any type of periodical cleaning (every few hours), there is a serious danger of leakage of the flue gas out of the stove. Further investigations should evaluate the degree of clogging in a long-term operation and should propose a method to avoid any danger of the flue gas leaking caused by the catalysts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of catalysts in the point of view of pellet stove flue gas purification

Ryšavý¹,

Horák²,

Hopan³

et al. 2019

Int. J. EQ

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“…Because of the relevance of biomass as a climate-friendly fuel, it is important to identify effective mitigation strategies to reduce emissions from the combustion process of this renewable and sustainable resource for energy. Besides the optimization of combustion , (e.g., primary measures for emission mitigation), numerous recently published studies focused on flue gas cleaning by secondary measures. − Catalytic converters, either used as retrofit or integrated systems, have been identified as an effective approach for the reduction of gaseous emissions (CO and OGC). ,,− Reduction efficiencies of up to 95% for CO and 60% for OGC have been reported …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Oxidizing Honeycomb Catalysts Integrated in a Firewood Room Heater on Gaseous and Particulate Emissions, Including Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)

et al. 2018

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Residential wood combustion is linked to a significant extent of emissions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which represent highly toxic, semivolatile pollutants. The use of catalysts reveals an effective measure to reduce emissions, especially gaseous flue gas compounds (carbon monoxide (CO) and organic gaseous compounds (OGC)). Their effect on toxicologically relevant PAHs is not clarified yet. In this work, the impact of two commercially available oxidizing platinum/palladium catalysts with either metallic or ceramic honeycomb carriers was examined under real-life operating conditions of a firewood room heater. The catalytic effect on CO and OGC, total suspended particles (TSP), total carbon (TC), elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), and 19 different PAHs, including 16 EPA PAHs (PAHs defined by the Environmental Protection Agency as priority pollutants) was evaluated by parallel measurements of catalytically treated and untreated flue gas from firewood combustion. The metallic catalyst, having a reaction surface that is 3.5 times greater than the ceramic catalyst, leads to a more-pronounced impact. Both types, the ceramic and the metallic catalyst, led to distinct reductions of CO (−69%, −88%) and OGC (−27%, −39%). In the test with the metallic catalyst, TSP increased (+17%) and PAHs were clearly reduced (−63%). This reduction was exclusively related to the higher-molecular-weight PAHs, such as the particularly toxic benzo(a)pyrene. Carbonaceous fractions (TC, EC, and OC) were not affected significantly. The toxicity of emissions arising from EPA PAHs can be clearly reduced by catalytic treatment. Moreover, the increase of TSP opens new questions, which must be clarified before the investigated catalysts are recommended as suitable secondary measure for emission abatement.

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“…The challenge is technically more difficult than, for example, the use of diesel particle filters, due to the fact that small scale domestic appliances tend to rely on natural drafts for air supply. Pressure drops can be induced by flue inserts such as catalyst carriers, which can affect primary combustion conditions and thus influence emissions . IEA Bioenergy Task32 found no promising results from catalytic converters for wood boilers and stoves.…”

Section: Emissions Factors and Mitigation Strategies For Biomass Comb...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pressure drops can be induced by flue inserts such as catalyst carriers, which can affect primary combustion conditions and thus influence emissions. 147 IEA Bioenergy Task32 found no promising results from catalytic converters for wood boilers and stoves. The high flue gas temperatures required for catalytic oxidation mean that these devices are typically not operating effectively during start-up where the highest emissions often occur.…”

Section: Emissions Factors and Mitigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…149 The honeycomb catalyst showed the highest potential of systems tested, leading to up to a 33% reduction in PM emissions, although the effectiveness of all devices was found to be lower in the start-up phase of the stove. Reichert et al recently demonstrated that the use of honeycomb catalysts could be effective at achieving emissions rates stipulated for wood stoves in the EDD 147 under real-life related testing conditions. Hence more recent studies are starting to show some promising results for the use of catalysts, but the literature remains inconsistent, and further studies are required.…”

Section: Emissions Factors and Mitigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Air Quality and Climate Impacts of Biomass Use as an Energy Source: A Review

Tomlin

2021

Energy Fuels

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Commitments made to meet the goals of the Paris Agreement, and the need to develop low carbon sources of power and heat, are likely to lead to the continued or even increased use of biomass as an energy source. Biomass is already replacing coal within large scale electricity generation systems. At smaller scales it is utilized within combined heat and power systems, as well domestically for the provision of heat. Unabated, biomass combustion leads to a range of pollutant emissions, including CO, CO2, methane, and black and organic carbon, which are of relevance from a climate perspective, as well as particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds, dioxins, furans and precursors of ozone, and secondary organic aerosols, which impact on air quality (AQ) and human health. Epidemiological data suggests that biomass smoke contributes to at least 40 000 premature deaths per year in Europe, as well as negatively affecting respiratory and cardiovascular health. Hence, if biomass is to be used as a future energy source, its AQ impacts need to be addressed. Here, a short review is provided of the potential climate and AQ impacts of the direct use of solid biomass as a fuel for the provision of power and heat. This review provides a brief summary of the chemical and physical characteristics of emissions from biomass utilization for energy provision. The impacts of biomass burning on ambient AQ and health (in particular for fine particulates) are addressed in both outdoor and indoor environments and for industrialized and developing countries. Issues of appliance scale, and how these influence available mitigation options, emissions factors, and regulatory limits for biomass combustors, are discussed. Final perspectives are offered, from the point of view of the need to develop “win–win” strategies for the future utilization of biomass which minimize both climate and air quality impacts.

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Impact of oxidizing honeycomb catalysts integrated in firewood stoves on emissions under real-life operating conditions

Cited by 13 publications

References 18 publications

Comparison of catalysts in the point of view of pellet stove flue gas purification

Comparison of catalysts in the point of view of pellet stove flue gas purification

Effect of Oxidizing Honeycomb Catalysts Integrated in a Firewood Room Heater on Gaseous and Particulate Emissions, Including Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)

Air Quality and Climate Impacts of Biomass Use as an Energy Source: A Review

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