Impact of oxidative stress on lung diseases

Abstract

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are products of normal cellular metabolism and are known to act as second messengers. Under physiological conditions, ROS participate in maintenance of cellular 'redox homeostasis' in order to protect cells against oxidative stress through various redox-regulatory mechanisms. Overproduction of ROS, most frequently due to excessive stimulation of either reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate by cytokines or the mitochondrial electron transport chain and xanthine oxidase, results in oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is a deleterious process that leads to lung damage and consequently to various disease states. Knowledge of the mechanisms of ROS regulation could lead to the pharmacological manipulation of antioxidants in lung inflammation and injury.

Avaliação da ingestão de nutrientes antioxidantes pela população brasileira e sua relação com o estado nutricional

“…However, it is important to emphasize that although it has been verified that most of the daily intake averages of the antioxidant minerals of the Brazilian population are in agreement with the recommendations of the DRIs, the percentages of inadequacy suggest concern with the compromising of the action of the antioxidant minerals in the antioxidant defense, as it relates to the development of various diseases such as inflammatory bowel diseases 26 , infertility 27 , degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson 28 , cancer and inflammatory diseases 29 , lung diseases 30 , diabetes 31 , and cardiovascular diseases 32 . The low intake of antioxidant nutrients among the elderly with low weight is possibly due to the smaller volume of food ingested by these individuals.…”

“…Rev BRas epidemiol JaN-maR 2017; 20(1): [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42] Among the 1,121 food items described by the research participants, which are described in Annex 1 of POF 2008 -2009 10 , the contents of 188 of these food items were evaluated, corresponding to 16.8%.…”

“…Rev BRas epidemiol JaN-maR 2017; 20(1): [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42] an increase in various comorbidities, decreasing quality of life and leading to the premature death of several people 5 . Several factors are believed to be related to the development of comorbidities in obese individuals, including mechanisms that cause the excess of oxidative lesions in the human organism.…”

N-Acetylcysteine Inhibits Ventilation-Induced Collagen Accumulation in the Rat Lung

“…The oxidative stress is a potent stimulus for the production of TGF-β that seems to enhance the fibrotic response in the lungs (Park et al 2009). Imbalance between oxidant production and antioxidant protection results in accumulation of ROS oxidants may contribute to the development of pulmonary fibrosis due to their effects on the production of TGF-β (Li et al 2013), suggesting that using antioxidants may be helpful in the prevention, and perhaps the treatment of fibrosis in VILI.…”

“…Oxidants have also been suggested to facilitate the fibrotic response in the lung (Park et al 2009). Hence, antioxidant could be a potential therapeutic agent for treating mechanic ventilation-induced fibroproliferation and for preventing lung fibrosis in ARDS patients.…”