“…Absolute quantification was performed for 16 S rRNA gene, intI1 and for the five most abundant ARGs found in wastewater treated effluents of Catalonia (SE, Spain) (Leiva et al, 2021;Sanz et al, 2022Sanz et al, , 2021. ARGs included sul1 (dihydropteroate synthetase, conferring resistance to sulphonamide), qnrS1 (a Pentapeptide Repeat Protein family member that inhibits the effect of quinolones), tetM (a ribosomal protection protein, which confers tetracycline resistance by binding to the ribosome and preventing drug interaction with its binding site), bla TEM and bla CTX-M-32 (two β-lactamases conferring resistance to beta-lactamic antibiotics such as cephalosporins, monobactams, and carbapenems).…”