Impact of olefin content on criteria and toxic emissions from modern gasoline vehicles

Hajbabaei, Maryam; Karavalakis, Georgios; Miller, John W.; Villela, Mark; Xu, Karen; Durbin, Thomas D.

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2012.12.031

Cited by 52 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…6−8 More recent studies have been carried out to evaluate the effect of oxygenates (ethanol) on gasoline volatility and exhaust emissions, and the influence of varying olefin content on exhaust emissions. 9,10 All of this research led to a better understanding of the relationship between gasoline formulations and emissions and contributed to the development of the so-called "complex model" to estimate nitrogen oxides (NO x ), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and toxic emissions as a function of fuel properties to support compliance with the federal reformulated gasoline (RFG) program. 11,12 One of the avenues available for compliance with the RFG performance standards has been to lower the aromatic content of gasoline as the complex model indicates that lowering aromatic content can reduce emissions.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Effects of Aromatics Content in Gasoline on Gaseous and Particulate Matter Emissions from SI-PFI and SIDI Vehicles

Karavalakis

Short

et al. 2015

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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We assessed the emissions response of a fleet of seven light-duty gasoline vehicles for gasoline fuel aromatic content while operating over the LA92 driving cycle. The test fleet consisted of model year 2012 vehicles equipped with spark-ignition (SI) and either port fuel injection (PFI) or direct injection (DI) technology. Three gasoline fuels were blended to meet a range of total aromatics targets (15%, 25%, and 35% by volume) while holding other fuel properties relatively constant within specified ranges, and a fourth fuel was formulated to meet a 35% by volume total aromatics target but with a higher octane number. Our results showed statistically significant increases in carbon monoxide, nonmethane hydrocarbon, particulate matter (PM) mass, particle number, and black carbon emissions with increasing aromatics content for all seven vehicles tested. Only one vehicle showed a statistically significant increase in total hydrocarbon emissions. The monoaromatic hydrocarbon species that were evaluated showed increases with increasing aromatic content in the fuel. Changes in fuel composition had no statistically significant effect on the emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx), formaldehyde, or acetaldehyde. A good correlation was also found between the PM index and PM mass and number emissions for all vehicle/fuel combinations with the total aromatics group being a significant contributor to the total PM index followed by naphthalenes and indenes.

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Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Effects of Aromatics Content in Gasoline on Gaseous and Particulate Matter Emissions from SI-PFI and SIDI Vehicles

Karavalakis

Short

et al. 2015

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Hence, the catalysts used in this study might have facilitated such reactions and, thereby, gave a product with high concentrations of paraffins and olefins. Olefinic hydrocarbons can influence the properties of fuels, including by increasing the reactivity of gasoline fuels in combustion processes and also by improving the fuel octane number and antiknocking performance . Hence, the high olefinic contents indicated that the derived liquids could be considered as substitute fuels or as feedstocks for obtaining racing fuels.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of metal‐oxide‐supported bentonites on the pyrolysis behavior of polypropylene and high‐density polyethylene

Ahmad

Khan

et al. 2014

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In this article, we report on the pyrolysis of polypropylene (PP) and high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) in the absence and presence of plain and metal‐oxide‐impregnated bentonite clays [BCs; acid‐washed bentonite clay (AWBC), Zn/AWBC, Ni/AWBC, Co/AWBC, Fe/AWBC, and Mn/AWBC] into useful products. Thermal and catalytic runs were performed at 300°C in the case of PP and at 350°C in the case of HDPE for a contact time of 30 min. The effects of different catalysts and their concentrations on the overall yields and the yields of liquid, gas, and residue were studied. The efficacy of each catalyst is reported on the basis of the highest liquid yields (in weight percentage). The derived liquid products were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy; this confirmed the presence of paraffins, olefins, and naphthenes. The results indicate the catalytic role of impregnated BCs compared to plain BC with the optimum efficiency shown by Co/AWBC in the case of PP and Zn/AWBC in the case of HDPE toward the formation of liquid products in a desirable C range with the enrichment of olefins and naphthenes in the case of PP and paraffins and olefins in the case of HDPE compared to the thermal run. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41221.

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“…The reason for reduction in emission of 1,3-butadiene is the same as explained earlier for propene. 1,3-butadiene concentration in exhaust is directly proportional to olefins present in gasoline, which may be one of the main reasons for reduction of 1,3-butadiene emission [58].…”

Section: Unsaturated Hydrocarbon Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unregulated emissions from a gasohol (E5, E15, M5, and M15) fuelled spark ignition engine

et al. 2015

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Impact of olefin content on criteria and toxic emissions from modern gasoline vehicles

Cited by 52 publications

References 36 publications

Evaluating the Effects of Aromatics Content in Gasoline on Gaseous and Particulate Matter Emissions from SI-PFI and SIDI Vehicles

Evaluating the Effects of Aromatics Content in Gasoline on Gaseous and Particulate Matter Emissions from SI-PFI and SIDI Vehicles

Influence of metal‐oxide‐supported bentonites on the pyrolysis behavior of polypropylene and high‐density polyethylene

Unregulated emissions from a gasohol (E5, E15, M5, and M15) fuelled spark ignition engine

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