Impact of oil spills on coral reefs can be reduced by bioremediation using probiotic microbiota

Santos, Henrique F.; Duarte, Gabriela; Rachid, Caio TavoraCoelho da Costa; Chaloub, Ricardo M.; Calderón, Emiliano Nicolas; Marangoni, Laura Fernandes de Barros; Bianchini, Adalto; Nudi, Adriana Haddad; Carmo, Flávia Lima do; Elsas, Jan Dirk van; Rosado, Alexandre Soares; Castro, Clovis B.; Peixoto, Raquel S.

doi:10.1038/srep18268

Cited by 91 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(60 reference statements)

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“…In the present study, Ca-ATPase activity was used as a biomarker of this process, since Ca-ATPase is recognized as a key-enzyme in the calcification process in scleractinian corals. Indeed, it has been used as a good indicator of growth rates in calcifying reef organisms [ 50 , 51 , 54 , 55 , 56 ]. Ca-ATPase activity was measured under optimized substrate concentrations for each species, following a modified protocol originally developed by Chan [ 57 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of depth on reef fish communities: Insights of a “deep refuge hypothesis” from Southwestern Atlantic reefs

et al. 2018

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Deeper reefs are often considered to be less susceptible to local and global disturbances, such as overfishing, pollution and climate change, compared to shallow reefs and therefore could act as refugia for shallow water species. Hence, the interest on deeper reefs has happened at a time when shallow reefs are undergoing unprecedented changes. Here we investigated the hypothesis that fish community differed from shallow to deeper reefs due to factors apart from habitat structure and quality and therefore discuss for the first-time insights of a “deep refuge hypothesis” from Brazilian reefs. We collected data on fish community, benthic community and physiological conditions of two coral species on shallow (< 6 m) and deep reefs (> 25 m). No significant difference on substratum composition was observed comparing sites and depths. Additionally, physiological data on corals also showed similar oxidative status and growth conditions when comparing the two-coral species in shallow and deep reefs. Conversely, our study demonstrated strong differences on reef fish communities in terms of abundance, species richness, trophic groups, size classes and groups of interest when comparing shallow and deeper reefs. Fish abundance was 2-fold higher and species richness was up to 70% higher on deeper reefs. Also, a significant difference was observed comparing trophic groups of reef fish. Macrocarnivore, Mobile invertebrate feeders, Planktivores, Sessile Invertebrates Feeders and Roving Herbivores were more abundant on deeper reefs. On the other hand, Territorialist Herbivores almost exclusively dominated shallow reefs. Strong differences were also observed comparing the abundance of reef fish groups of interest and their respective size classes between shallow and deeper reefs. Ornamental, Great Herbivores and Groupers showed clear differences, with higher abundances being observed in deeper reefs. Considering size classes, larger individuals (> 15 cm) of Great Herbivores, Groupers and Snapper were uniquely recorded at deeper reefs. Additionally, individuals with > 30 cm were recorded almost exclusively on deeper reefs for all the analyzed groups of interest. Our findings suggest that fishing pressure on the target species may be attenuated on deeper reefs, and these regions may therefore be considered as areas of refuge from shallow water impacts. Therefore, the likely potential for deeper reefs protect species from natural or anthropogenic disturbances increases the attention of marine conservation planning and resource management on including deeper reefs in protected areas.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of depth on reef fish communities: Insights of a “deep refuge hypothesis” from Southwestern Atlantic reefs

et al. 2018

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“…However, corals may revert to the original clade (i.e., sensitive clade) over the long-term when the stress is removed (Thornhill et al, 2006). The coral bacterial communities are also sensitive to environmental changes and may also be involved in coral resilience (Reshef et al, 2006; Santos et al, 2014, 2015, 2016; Thompson et al, 2014). However, little is understood about the permanence of these shifts in the coral microbiome in the face of changing environmental conditions (Rowan et al, 1997; Thornhill et al, 2006; Thompson et al, 2014) and whether shifting microbial baselines can provide the resilience needed for corals facing mounting environmental stresses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beneficial Microorganisms for Corals (BMC): Proposed Mechanisms for Coral Health and Resilience

et al. 2017

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The symbiotic association between the coral animal and its endosymbiotic dinoflagellate partner Symbiodinium is central to the success of corals. However, an array of other microorganisms associated with coral (i.e., Bacteria, Archaea, Fungi, and viruses) have a complex and intricate role in maintaining homeostasis between corals and Symbiodinium. Corals are sensitive to shifts in the surrounding environmental conditions. One of the most widely reported responses of coral to stressful environmental conditions is bleaching. During this event, corals expel Symbiodinium cells from their gastrodermal tissues upon experiencing extended seawater temperatures above their thermal threshold. An array of other environmental stressors can also destabilize the coral microbiome, resulting in compromised health of the host, which may include disease and mortality in the worst scenario. However, the exact mechanisms by which the coral microbiome supports coral health and increases resilience are poorly understood. Earlier studies of coral microbiology proposed a coral probiotic hypothesis, wherein a dynamic relationship exists between corals and their symbiotic microorganisms, selecting for the coral holobiont that is best suited for the prevailing environmental conditions. Here, we discuss the microbial-host relationships within the coral holobiont, along with their potential roles in maintaining coral health. We propose the term BMC (Beneficial Microorganisms for Corals) to define (specific) symbionts that promote coral health. This term and concept are analogous to the term Plant Growth Promoting Rhizosphere (PGPR), which has been widely explored and manipulated in the agricultural industry for microorganisms that inhabit the rhizosphere and directly or indirectly promote plant growth and development through the production of regulatory signals, antibiotics and nutrients. Additionally, we propose and discuss the potential mechanisms of the effects of BMC on corals, suggesting strategies for the use of this knowledge to manipulate the microbiome, reversing dysbiosis to restore and protect coral reefs. This may include developing and using BMC consortia as environmental “probiotics” to improve coral resistance after bleaching events and/or the use of BMC with other strategies such as human-assisted acclimation/adaption to shifting environmental conditions.

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“…In the last decade, increased oily wastewater due to rapid industrialization in global cities and multiple oil spill disasters within the marine ecosystems have highlighted the challenges of effective oil/water separation 2 . Clean-up and recovery from an oil spill is difficult and depends upon many factors, including the type of spilled oil, the temperature of the water (affecting evaporation and biodegradation), and the types of shorelines and beaches involved 3 4 . Conventional methods for cleaning up such as, bioremediation, controlled burning, dispersants, air flotation, skimming, oil-absorbing materials, and flocculation are limited by low separation efficiency, energy-cost, and complex separation instruments 5 6 7 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Sunlight-Sensitive Anti-Fouling Nanostructured TiO2 coated Cu Meshes for Ultrafast Oily Water Treatment

Liu¹,

Raza²,

Aili³

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Nanostructured materials with desired wettability and optical property can play an important role in reducing the energy consumption of oily water treatment technologies. For effective oily water treatment, membrane materials with high strength, sunlight-sensitive anti-fouling, relative low fabrication cost, and controllable wettability are being explored. In the proposed oily water treatment approach, nanostructured TiO2-coated copper (TNS-Cu) meshes are used. These TNS-Cu meshes exhibit robust superhydrophilicity and underwater oleophobicity (high oil intrusion pressure) as well as excellent chemical and thermal stability (≈250 °C). They have demonstrated high separation efficiency (oil residue in the filtrate ≤21.3 ppm), remarkable filtration flux (≥400 kL h−1 m−2), and sunlight-sensitive anti-fouling properties. Both our theoretical analysis and experimental characterization have confirmed the enhanced light absorption property of TNS-Cu meshes in the visible region (40% of the solar spectrum) and consequently strong anti-fouling capability upon direct solar light illumination. With these features, the proposed approach promises great potential in treating produced oily wastewater from industry and daily life.

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Impact of oil spills on coral reefs can be reduced by bioremediation using probiotic microbiota

Cited by 91 publications

References 56 publications

Effects of depth on reef fish communities: Insights of a “deep refuge hypothesis” from Southwestern Atlantic reefs

Effects of depth on reef fish communities: Insights of a “deep refuge hypothesis” from Southwestern Atlantic reefs

Beneficial Microorganisms for Corals (BMC): Proposed Mechanisms for Coral Health and Resilience

Sunlight-Sensitive Anti-Fouling Nanostructured TiO2 coated Cu Meshes for Ultrafast Oily Water Treatment

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