Impact of Ocean Spray on the Dynamics of the Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer

Kudryavtsev, V. N.; Makin, V. K.

doi:10.1007/s10546-011-9624-2

Cited by 64 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In [19] another mechanism of reducing the resistance, associated with the peculiarities of the spray momentum exchange with the air flow, is analyzed. On the contrary, as is estimated in [20], the exchange of spray momentum with turbulent flow leads to an increase in surface drag. The effect of spray on the heat transfer in the atmospheric surface layer is discussed in the theoretical work [11], where in the case of stable stratification is shown a strong growth of heat transfer coefficient at a wind speed of 15-20 m/s.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Laboratory modelling of the transfer processes between the ocean and atmosphere in the boundary layers

et al. 2017

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Abstract. The processes of momentum and heat transfer between ocean and atmosphere in the boundary layer were investigated within laboratory modeling for a wide range of wind speed and surface wave including hurricane conditions. Experiments were carried out on the Wind-Wave Flume of the Large Thermostratified Tank of IAP RAS. A special net located under the surface at different depths allows to vary parameters of surface waves independently on wind parameters. Theory of self-similarity of air flow parameters in the flume was used to calculate values aerodynamic and heat transfer coefficients from the measured velocity and temperature profiles by Pito and hotfilm gauges respectively. Simultaneous measurements of surface elevation with system wire allow to obtain spectra and integral parameters of waves. It was demonstrated that in contrast to the drag coefficient, heat transfer coefficient is virtually independent of wind speed and wave parameters to the moment of the beginning of spray generation and then increases rapidly.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Laboratory modelling of the transfer processes between the ocean and atmosphere in the boundary layers

et al. 2017

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“…However, the droplets ejected into the airflow at the height of breaking wave crests significantly influence the wind stress. The influence of sea spray production on near-surface, wind speed distribution was introduced by Kudryavtsev and Makin (2011) and Kudryavtsev et al (2012). Based on the assumption that the droplets are instantaneously accelerated to the wind speed when they are generated at the height of breaking crests, the sea spray stress term in Andreas (2004) is zero.…”

Section: Previous Studies Of Wind Stress Parameterisation At High Winmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the assumption that the droplets are instantaneously accelerated to the wind speed when they are generated at the height of breaking crests, the sea spray stress term in Andreas (2004) is zero. After applying the closure scheme for the turbulent fluxes of momentum and droplets and with some simplifications (Kudryavtsev and Makin, 2011;Kudryavtsev et al, 2012), the effective roughness length (Z 0 ) can be expressed as follows (see Kudryavtsev and Makin, 2011;Kudryavtsev et al, 2012 for details):…”

Section: Previous Studies Of Wind Stress Parameterisation At High Winmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The impact of waves and sea spray on modelling storm track and development

Wu¹,

Rutgersson²,

Larsén³

2015

Tellus A: Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography

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A B S T R A C TIn high wind speed conditions, sea spray generated by intensely breaking waves greatly influences the wind stress and heat fluxes. Measurements indicate that the drag coefficient decreases at high wind speeds. The sea spray generation function (SSGF), an important term of wind stress parameterisation at high wind speeds, is usually treated as a function of wind speed/friction velocity. In this study, we introduce a wave-state-dependent SSGF and wave-age-dependent Charnock number into a high wind speedÁwind stress parameterisation. The newly proposed wind stress parameterisation and sea spray heat flux parameterisation were applied to an atmosphereÁwave coupled model to study the mid-latitude storm development of six storm cases. Compared with measurements from the FINO1 platform in the North Sea, the new wind stress parameterisation can reduce wind speed simulation errors in the high wind speed range. Considering only sea spray impact on wind stress (and not on heat fluxes) will intensify the storms (in terms of minimum sea level pressure and maximum wind speed), but has little effect on the storm tracks. Considering the impact of sea spray on heat fluxes only (not on wind stress) can improve the model performance regarding air temperature, but it has little effect on the storm intensity and storm track performance. If the impact of sea spray on both the wind stress and heat fluxes is taken into account, the model performs best in all experiments for minimum sea level pressure, maximum wind speed and air temperature.

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“…marine atmospheric boundary layer [2]. The contributions of sea sprays to particular atmospheric processes depend on the size distributions of the spray.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size distributions of sprays produced by violent wave impacts on vertical sea walls

Watanabe

Ingram

2016

Proc. R. Soc. A.

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When a steep, breaking wave hits a vertical sea wall in shallow water, a flip-through event may occur, leading to the formation of an up-rushing planar jet. During such an event, a jet of water is ejected at a speed many times larger than the approaching wave's celerity. As the jet rises, the bounded fluid sheet ruptures to form vertical ligaments which subsequently break up to form droplets, creating a polydisperse spray. Experiments in the University of Hokkaido's 24 m flume measured the resulting droplet sizes using image analysis of high-speed video. Consideration of the mechanisms forming spray droplets shows that the number density of droplet sizes is directly proportional to a power p of the droplet radius: where p = −5/2 during the early break-up stage and p = −2 for the fully fragmented state. This was confirmed by experimental observations. Here, we show that the recorded droplet number density follows the lognormal probability distribution with parameters related to the elapsed time since the initial wave impact. This statistical model of polydisperse spray may provide a basis for modelling droplet advection during wave overtopping events, allowing atmospheric processes leading to enhanced fluxes of mass, moisture, heat and momentum in the spraymediated marine boundary layer over coasts to be described.

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Impact of Ocean Spray on the Dynamics of the Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer

Cited by 64 publications

References 35 publications

Laboratory modelling of the transfer processes between the ocean and atmosphere in the boundary layers

Laboratory modelling of the transfer processes between the ocean and atmosphere in the boundary layers

The impact of waves and sea spray on modelling storm track and development

Size distributions of sprays produced by violent wave impacts on vertical sea walls

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