Impact of Nutritional Supplementation and a Psychomotor Program on Patients With Alzheimer’s Disease

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the impact of oral nutritional supplementation (ONS) and a psychomotor rehabilitation program on nutritional and functional status of community-dwelling patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). A 21-day prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted and third intervention group performed a psychomotor rehabilitation program. Patients were followed up for 180 days. Mean (standard deviation) score of Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) increased both in the nutritional supplementation group (NSG; n = 25), 0.4 (0.8), and in the nutritional supplementation psychomotor rehabilitation program group (NSPRG; n = 11), 1.5 (1.0), versus -0.1 (1.1) in the control group (CG; n = 43), P < .05. Further improvements at 90-day follow-up for MNA in NSG: 1.3 (1.2) and NSPRG: 1.6 (1.0) versus 0.3 (1.7) in CG ( P < .05) were observed. General linear model analysis showed that the NSG and NSPRG ▵MNA score improved after intervention, at 21 days and 90 days, was independent of the MNA and Mini-Mental State Examination scores at baseline ( Ps > .05). The ONS and a psychomotor rehabilitation program have a positive impact on long-term nutritional and functional status of patients with AD.

A mixed methods systematic review of multimodal non-pharmacological interventions to improve cognition for people with dementia

“…Stability of scores or an attenuation of decline was reported in six group studies (Arkin, 2007; Graessel et al., 2011; Ibarria et al., 2016; La Rue et al., 2015; Maci et al., 2012; Viola et al., 2011). Two group studies, Serdà i Ferrer and del Valle (2014) and Vicente de Sousa et al. (2017) reported no cognitive improvement and continual decline.…”

“…Different modes may take more time to register an effect than others. For example, Vicente de Sousa et al. (2017) investigated a nutritional supplementation psychomotor rehabilitation programme (NSPRG) lasting 21 days.…”

“…Intervention modes and methods. Li and Li (2017) had no cognitive mode, and Prokopov (2010) and Vicente de Sousa et al. (2017) had neither cognitive nor physical mode, but all others had both.…”

“…Only four lacked a psychological, psychosocial, psychomotor, spiritual, caregiver or support mode. One used oxygen therapy (Prokopov, 2010) and three addressed diet and nutrition and/or fasting (Bredesen, 2016; Prokopov, 2010; Vicente de Sousa et al., 2017). Four studies termed ‘multicomponent’ or ‘dual-task’ combined modes simultaneously and are shown in Table 4 spanning two columns.…”

“…The length of group intervention ranged from 20 minutes (Yoon et al., 2013) to 8 hours (Ibarria et al., 2016). The shortest timeframe was three weeks (Vicente de Sousa et al., 2017), whereas Arkin (2007) continued a facilitated intervention for up to four years. Personalised N -of-1 treatments were followed-up through clinic visits for 24 months (Bredesen et al., 2016).…”