Impact of non-surgical periodontal treatment on salivary expression of cytokines related to bone metabolism

Beiler, Tatiane F C S B; Mello‐Neto, João Martins de; Alves, Juliana Cardoso; Hamlet, Stephen; Ipe, Deepak S.; Figueredo, Carlos Marcelo

doi:10.1007/s10266-020-00502-2

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…It is generally agreed that non-surgical periodontal treatment can result in downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines associated with bone connective tissue and bone metabolism. The majority of studies demonstrated significant reduction of salivary concentrations of Il-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and GM-CSF, as well as increases in IL-4 and IL-10 [33][34][35][36][37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids EPA and DHA as an Adjunct to Non-Surgical Treatment of Periodontitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial

et al. 2020

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Periodontitis is a chronic multifactorial inflammatory disease that leads to the loss of supportive tissues around the teeth with gradual deterioration of masticatory function and esthetics, resulting eventually in the decrease of the life quality. Host immune response triggered by bacterial biofilm is responsible for the chronic periodontal inflammation and ongoing tissue loss. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have anti-inflammatory properties, thus may be used for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation with omega-3 PUFA in the patients with stage III and IV periodontitis. Thirty otherwise healthy patients were treated with scaling and root planning (SRP). In the test group (n = 16), patients were additionally supplemented with 2.6 g of EPA and 1.8 g of DHA. In the control group (n = 14), patients received only SRP. Periodontal examination was performed at baseline and three months following initial therapy. Salivary samples were taken twice at baseline and at the end of the experiment. We found that there was a statistically significant reduction in the bleeding on probing (BOP) and improvement of clinical attachment loss (CAL) at three months in the test group compared to the control group. Moreover, a statistically significant higher percentage of closed pockets (probing depth ≤ 4 mm without BOP) was achieved in the test group vs. control group after three months of treatment. Accordingly, the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines interleukin (IL)-8 and IL-17 were markedly lower, while the level of anti-inflammatory IL-10 was significantly higher in the salivary samples of the patients supplemented with omega-3 PUFA at three months in comparison to the patients treated with SRP alone. Our findings demonstrate that dietary intervention with high-dose of omega-3 PUFA during non-surgical therapy may have potential benefits in the management of periodontitis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids EPA and DHA as an Adjunct to Non-Surgical Treatment of Periodontitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial

et al. 2020

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“…Treatment with anti-Sclerostin antibody enhances alveolar bone mass, leads to the formation of cellular cementum and increases alveolar bone deposition [ 11 , 35 ]. Data from clinical studies have shown that SOST is upregulated in periodontal tissues, saliva and GCF of chronic periodontitis patients when compared to healthy sites [ 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ]. In the present study, although there was a trend towards higher Sclerostin amounts in the gingivitis sites ( p = 0.09), no significant differences were observed between periodontitis, gingivitis and healthy sites in periodontitis patients ( p > 0.05).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

WNT-5a and SOST Levels in Gingival Crevicular Fluid Depend on the Inflammatory and Osteoclastogenic Activities of Periodontal Tissues

et al. 2021

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Background and Objectives: Wnt signaling leads to stimulation of osteoblasts and it reduces osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption via the regulation of the osteprotegrin and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligan (RANKL). Wnt signaling pathways are regulated by their physiological antagonists such as sclerostin (SOST) as well as WNT-5a. The aim of this study was to determine the total amount of Sclerostin and WNT-5a in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in sites with a continuum from a healthy to diseased periodontium. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 20 patients with generalized periodontitis, 10 subjects with gingivitis as well as 14 individuals with a healthy periodontium were recruited upon clinical and radiographic periodontal examination. In patients diagnosed with periodontitis, GCF samples were collected from periodontitis, gingivitis and healthy sites, while gingivitis patients provided samples from gingivitis and healthy sites. In healthy patients, only healthy sites were sampled. Protein total amount of SOST and WNT-5a were quantified by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: A total of 108 GCF samples were collected from a total of 44 individuals. When all periodontitis (n = 51), gingivitis (n = 12) and healthy (n = 45) sites were analyzed regardless of the patient diagnosis, periodontitis sites demonstrated significantly elevated WNT-5a total amounts (p = 0.03) when compared to gingivitis sites. Gingivitis sites demonstrated a trend of more total SOST (p = 0.09) when compared to periodontitis and healthy sites. Within each patient diagnostic category, sites showed similar SOST and WNT-5a total amounts (p > 0.05). Conclusions: WNT-5a levels in GCF depend on the stage of periodontitis sites. SOST trended higher in the GCF of gingivitis sites but similar in chronic periodontitis and healthy sites. WNT-5a and SOST play a crucial role in periodontal tissue remodeling and depend on the inflammatory and osteoclastogenic activities.

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“…Twenty-two full-text publications were thoroughly reviewed independently based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria of this systematic review, and six studies were excluded. Among the reasons for exclusion were the inclusion of non-systemically healthy patients in two studies, 39,40 the use of a different sample (saliva) in a study 41 and the presence of a test (periodontitis) group only in the remainder of the studies. [41][42][43][44] Therefore, 16 publications were included in the qualitative synthesis.…”

Section: Risk Of Bias Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the reasons for exclusion were the inclusion of non-systemically healthy patients in two studies, 39,40 the use of a different sample (saliva) in a study 41 and the presence of a test (periodontitis) group only in the remainder of the studies. [41][42][43][44] Therefore, 16 publications were included in the qualitative synthesis. The Cohen's kappa values for inter-reviewer agreement for the first and second stages of study selection were 0.96 and 1.0 indicating perfect agreement.…”

Section: Risk Of Bias Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of Wnt signaling agonists and antagonists in periodontitis and healthy subjects, before and after non‐surgical periodontal treatment: A systematic review

Chatzopoulos

Koidou

Wolff

2022

J of Periodontal Research

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Periodontitis is a preventable and treatable multifactorial chronic inflammatory disease that can lead to irreversible periodontal destruction and tooth loss. Wnt signaling and its regulators play an important role in periodontal inflammation, destruction, regeneration, and reconstruction. This systematic review aimed at investigating the involvement of Wnt signaling agonists and antagonists in periodontitis and healthy subjects, before and after periodontal treatment. Electronic searches were carried out using MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases in addition to hand searches. Studies having different designs assessing the levels of Wnt signaling antagonist and agonist levels in gingival crevicular fluid, serum, and tissue in patients diagnosed with periodontitis or gingivitis, compared with healthy individuals were included. In addition, studies compared these levels in periodontitis patients before and after non‐surgical periodontal therapy were also eligible. Sixteen studies met the eligibility criteria. Sclerostin (SOST) has been mainly investigated in the literature (8 publications). Sclerostin (5 studies), Wnt‐5a (2 studies), secreted frizzled‐related protein 1 (SFRP1) (3 studies), and β‐catenin (3 studies) show increased levels in periodontitis compared with periodontal health. Strong correlations between marker levels and periodontal clinical parameters were identified for SOST (5 studies), SFRP1 (2 studies), and β‐catenin (2 studies). SOST (3 studies) and SFRP1 (1 study) levels significantly decrease following non‐surgical periodontal treatment. The present systematic review demonstrated an association between Wnt signaling agonist and antagonist levels and periodontitis. Wnt agonists and antagonists may serve as valuable diagnostic and prognostic markers for periodontitis onset and progression. Further case–control and longitudinal studies should be conducted for different Wnt signaling agonists and antagonists.

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Impact of non-surgical periodontal treatment on salivary expression of cytokines related to bone metabolism

Cited by 7 publications

References 20 publications

Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids EPA and DHA as an Adjunct to Non-Surgical Treatment of Periodontitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids EPA and DHA as an Adjunct to Non-Surgical Treatment of Periodontitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial

WNT-5a and SOST Levels in Gingival Crevicular Fluid Depend on the Inflammatory and Osteoclastogenic Activities of Periodontal Tissues

Expression of Wnt signaling agonists and antagonists in periodontitis and healthy subjects, before and after non‐surgical periodontal treatment: A systematic review

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