Impact of non-stoichiometry on ion migration and photovoltaic performance of formamidinium-based perovskite solar cells

Lammar, Stijn; Escalante, Renán; Riquelme, Antonio J.; Jenatsch, Sandra; Ruhstaller, Beat; Oskam, Gerko; Aernouts, Tom; Anta, Juan A.

doi:10.1039/d2ta04840j

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The current density changes in Figure 5a under certain voltages often take minutes to stabilize [13], which coincides with the ion-migration timespan [21]. In addition, previous reports proved the A-cation halide additives in the perovskite films did increase the ionic species amount [22]. Thus, the current density change is likely related to ionic movement, which possibly affected the carrier extraction efficiency.…”

Section: Performance Degradationsupporting

confidence: 73%

Long-Term Outdoor Testing of Perovskite Mini-Modules: Effects of FACl Additives

et al. 2023

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The outdoor performance monitoring of perovskite modules over 16 weeks is reported. Two different types of active perovskite layers were studied: one type contained formamidinium chloride (FACl) halide additives and the other contained no additives with the main purpose to investigate performance trends during the outdoor exposure of those type of devices. Long-term side-by-side outdoor testing of devices with and without halide additives was not implemented in the past and merits investigation in order to determine the impact of additives on perovskite performance and stability. Although the two types of modules displayed similar initial outdoor performance characteristics, their outdoor performance evolution differed. Different degradation rates between the modules with and without additives were obtained just after field installation. In particular, the modules with additives exhibited higher performance degradation under open-circuit loading conditions between current-voltage (IV) scans. Long-term monitoring of both modules recorded a reduction of the efficiency over the course of the day with subsequent recovery overnight and in many cases during the day. The relative values of performance degradation and overnight recovery were calculated over the timespan of outdoor testing and indicated dominant normalized diurnal performance degradation in one type of modules (without FACl additives) in the range between 15–20% and in the other type of modules (with additives) 5–10%. The dominant normalized performance recovery values found were 25–30% and 5–10%, respectively. Finally, dark lock-in thermography (DLIT) and Raman studies were performed on the exposed devices and revealed differences in hotspot evolution and vibrational modes between the different types of module.

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Section: Performance Degradationsupporting

confidence: 73%

Long-Term Outdoor Testing of Perovskite Mini-Modules: Effects of FACl Additives

et al. 2023

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“…The main features found in Figure 2a,b are well reproduced by the simulations: the simulated J SC and V OC match those of the measured ones within the experimental uncertainties (see Figure 1e-h) and the observed deviations are in line with those reported in most state-of-the-art optoelectronic PSCs simulation studies including ion migration. [50,[56][57][58] Therefore, they can be regarded as a sufficiently reliable basis for getting deeper insights on the different hysteretic behavior of the two mC-PSCs. By comparing the two sets of fitting parameters used to simulate the AVA-MAPbI 3 and CsPbI 3 :EuCl 3 mC-PSCs (see Table S2, Supporting Information) we find, as expected, that the most significant difference lies in the cation mobilities, that is 2 • 10 À11 cm 2 Vs À1 for AVA-MAPbI 3 and 3.7 • 10 À14 cm 2 Vs À1 for CsPbI 3 :EuCl 3 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Evaluation of Printable Carbon‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells Infiltrated with Reusable CsPbI₃:EuCl₃ and Standard AVA‐MAPbI₃

Valastro,

Calogero,

Smecca

et al. 2024

Solar RRL

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Hole‐transporting layer‐free mesoporous carbon (mC) architectures represent a printable, low‐cost and stable solution for the future commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). CsPbI3 perovskite is attracting attention for its inorganic structure, which yields higher structural stability compared to hybrid counterparts and allows reversibility of its photoactive phase. Here the photovoltaic performance of large‐area (144 mm2) mC devices infiltrated with CsPbI3:EuCl3 is systematically evaluated, using AVA‐MAPbI3 mC‐PSCs as a reference. Measured and simulated J‐V curves acquired at various scan rates show a significantly reduced hysteresis for Eu‐doped CsPbI3 with respect to AVA‐MAPbI3 mC‐PSCs. The synergic comparison between experiments and simulations reveals the complex interplay between ionic and electronic charges in the two mC‐PSCs, supporting the argument that cation migration is suppressed in the CsPbI3:EuCl3 mC‐PSCs. This also agrees with steady‐state photoconversion efficiency measured and simulated at fixed bias, characterized by a constant value over time in CsPbI3:EuCl3, contrary to what occurs in AVA‐MAPbI3 where a decay arises from enhanced ionic migration. In addition, CsPbI3:EuCl3 mC‐PSCs maintain their initial efficiency up to 250 hours at 55°C under continuous illumination during maximum power point tracking measurements. The possibility of reusing the CsPbI3:EuCl3 mC‐PSCs multiple times is demonstrated, pointing out the superiority of this inorganic perovskite in terms of sustainability.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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“…Consequently, this can limit the bulk electronic quality of a grain (domain), since MA-I or Pb-I terminated GBs become favourable positions for the formation of defect trap states, which require additional energy of 0.5 eV and 1 eV for charge carriers to escape, respectively. 24 In parallel, an excess FAI induced non-stoichiometry study by Anta et al 25 observed a shi in the recombination mechanism (from surface dominant to bulk dominant) and high ion migration, limiting bulk electronic quality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Revealing the impact of the host-salt non-stoichiometry on the performance of perovskite solar cells

Kumar

Dhamaniya

Gupta

et al. 2023

Sustainable Energy Fuels

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Impact of non-stoichiometry on ion migration and photovoltaic performance of formamidinium-based perovskite solar cells

Abstract: Ion migration mechanisms are often behind degradation pathways in perovskite solar cells under operating conditions. In this work we look at the effect of non-stoichiometric compositions in mixed caesium/formamidinium inverted...

Cited by 9 publications

References 55 publications

Long-Term Outdoor Testing of Perovskite Mini-Modules: Effects of FACl Additives

Long-Term Outdoor Testing of Perovskite Mini-Modules: Effects of FACl Additives

Performance Evaluation of Printable Carbon‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells Infiltrated with Reusable CsPbI₃:EuCl₃ and Standard AVA‐MAPbI₃

Revealing the impact of the host-salt non-stoichiometry on the performance of perovskite solar cells

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Impact of non-stoichiometry on ion migration and photovoltaic performance of formamidinium-based perovskite solar cells

Abstract: Ion migration mechanisms are often behind degradation pathways in perovskite solar cells under operating conditions. In this work we look at the effect of non-stoichiometric compositions in mixed caesium/formamidinium inverted...

Cited by 9 publications

References 55 publications

Long-Term Outdoor Testing of Perovskite Mini-Modules: Effects of FACl Additives

Long-Term Outdoor Testing of Perovskite Mini-Modules: Effects of FACl Additives

Performance Evaluation of Printable Carbon‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells Infiltrated with Reusable CsPbI3:EuCl3 and Standard AVA‐MAPbI3

Revealing the impact of the host-salt non-stoichiometry on the performance of perovskite solar cells

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Performance Evaluation of Printable Carbon‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells Infiltrated with Reusable CsPbI₃:EuCl₃ and Standard AVA‐MAPbI₃