Impact of nitrogen vacancies on the high temperature behavior of (Ti1−xAlx)Ny alloys

Schramm, I.C.; Johansson-Jöesaar, Mats P.; Jensen, Jens; Mücklich, Frank; Odén, Magnus

doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2016.08.024

Cited by 45 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 37 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…14 This was experimentally confirmed by Schramm et al, 15 where the presence of VN enhanced the phase stability, i.e. delaying the onset of decomposition of cathodic arc evaporated (Ti,Al)Ny (y < 1).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 61%

“…delaying the onset of decomposition of cathodic arc evaporated (Ti,Al)Ny (y < 1). It was shown that the onset of w-AlN phase transformation in (Ti0.52Al0.48)N0.87 occurred at about 1200 °C, 15 which is about 300 °C higher than what typically is reported for stoichiometric (Ti0.5Al0.5)N thin films. [16][17] Primary decomposition occurs on the metal sublattice and To Baben et al 18 also reports an improved thermal stability of close to stoichiometric (Ti,Al)Ny (y ≈ 1) as compared to over-stoichiometric (Ti,Al)Ny (y > 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…[14][15] These results suggest defect engineering as a route for new and improved materials. However, the synthesis method used may affect the defect structure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…In the chamber they were mounted on a rotating cylinder fixture (3 rpm) facing the cathode. Pure N2 was used to obtain (Ti1-xAlx)N reference samples with compositions close to stoichiometric value 15 while an atmosphere mixture of 40% N2/(Ar+N2) was used to synthesize the nitrogen deficient coatings. During deposition, a total gas pressure of 2 Pa was used for both conditions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…25 In this study, the influence of such point defects in combination with nitrogen vacancies on the thermal stability of cathodic arc deposited Ti0.54Al0.46N0.87 thin films were investigated. The Ti/Al ratio and amount of nitrogen vacancies was fixed at a level found by Schramm et al 15 to yield substantially improved phase stability. The substrate bias voltage was varied from -30 V to -80 V in reference to the anode potential.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Enhanced thermal stability and mechanical properties of nitrogen deficient titanium aluminum nitride (Ti0.54Al0.46Ny) thin films by tuning the applied negative bias voltage

Calamba

Schramm

Johansson-Jöesaar

et al. 2017

Journal of Applied Physics

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aspects on the phase stability and mechanical properties of nitrogen deficient (Ti0.54Al0.46)N-y alloys were investigated. Solid solution alloys of (Ti,Al)N were grown by cathodic arc deposition. The kinetic energy of the impinging ions was altered by varying the substrate bias voltage from -30V to -80 V. Films deposited with a high bias value of -80V showed larger lattice parameter, finer columnar structure, and higher compressive residual stress resulting in higher hardness than films biased at -30V when comparing their as-deposited states. At elevated temperatures, the presence of nitrogen vacancies and point defects (anti-sites and self-interstitials generated by the ion-bombardment during coating deposition) in (Ti0.54Al0.46)N-0.87 influence the driving force for phase separation. Highly biased nitrogen deficient films have point defects with higher stability during annealing, which cause a delay of the release of the stored lattice strain energy and then accelerates the decomposition tendencies to thermodynamically stable c-TiN and w-AlN. Low biased nitrogen deficient films have retarded phase transformation to w-AlN, which results in the prolongment of age hardening effect up to 1100 degrees C, i.e., the highest reported temperature for Ti-Al-N material system. Our study points out the role of vacancies and point defects in engineering thin films with enhanced thermal stability and mechanical properties for high temperature hard coating applications. Published by AIP Publishing.

Funding Agencies|European Unions Erasmus Mundus doctoral program in Materials Science and Engineering (DocMASE); Swedish Research Council [621-2012-4401]; Swedish government strategic research area grant AFM - SFO MatLiU [2009-00971]; VINNOVA [2013-02355]; DFG; federal state government of Saarland [INST 256/298-1 FUGG]; European Regional Development Fund [AME-Lab C/4-EFRE-13/2009/Br]

show abstract

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…[14][15] These results suggest defect engineering as a route for new and improved materials. However, the synthesis method used may affect the defect structure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Enhanced thermal stability and mechanical properties of nitrogen deficient titanium aluminum nitride (Ti0.54Al0.46Ny) thin films by tuning the applied negative bias voltage

Calamba

Schramm

Johansson-Jöesaar

et al. 2017

Journal of Applied Physics

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Oxidation and wear behavior of CrAlMoN with varied Mo-content for cutting Ti6Al4V

Bobzin

Kalscheuer

Stachowski

et al. 2023

Prod. Eng. Res. Devel.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The cutting of difficult to machine materials such as titanium alloys is challenging for the machining industry. In case of the titanium alloy Ti6Al4V, the properties of the material cause high temperatures, mechanical loads as well as high frequency vibrations at the cutting edge, leading to premature tool failure. The use of uncoated carbide tools is very common for machining of Ti based alloys. However, temperature active, self-lubricating physical vapor deposition (PVD) coatings like CrAlMoN showed promising results to reduce friction and wear during turning of Ti6Al4V. In the present study, self-lubricating (Cr34Al41Mo25)N, (Cr29Al36Mo35)N and (Cr25Al31Mo44)N coatings were investigated on cemented carbide tools. These were deposited by a hybrid process combining direct current Magnetron Sputtering and High Power Pulsed Magnetron Sputtering. Coating morphology, thickness, chemical composition, indentation hardness and modulus at ϑ = 20 °C, ϑ = 200 °C, ϑ = 400 °C and ϑ = 600 °C as well as the oxidation behavior were analyzed. Moreover, wear development after cutting tests using a CNC-lathe was investigated. Independent of Mo-content, all coating variants possessed a dense morphology and a smooth surface topography, as well as a coating adhesion class of HF1 to the cemented carbide substrate in Rockwell indentation tests according to DIN 4856. With an increasing amount of Mo, heat treatment temperature and time, more self-lubricating molybdenum oxides such as MoO3 and Mo4O11 were detected by Raman spectroscopy. Therefore, the coating with the highest amount of Mo possessed the highest amount of molybdenum oxides. After cutting tests, molybdenum oxides were also found on the tool flank face by Raman spectroscopy. The level of flank wear land width decreased with increasing amount of Mo.

show abstract

Solid state formation of Ti4AlN3 in cathodic arc deposited (Ti1−xAlx)Ny alloys

Schramm¹,

Pauly²,

Johansson-Jöesaar³

et al. 2017

Acta Materialia

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Reactive cathodic arc deposition was used to grow substoichiometric solid solution cubic c-(Ti 1-x Al x)N y thin films. The films were removed from the substrate and then heated in an argon environment to 1400 °C. Via solid state reactions, formation of MAX phase Ti 4 AlN 3 was obtained. Additional phases such as Ti 2 AlN, c-TiN, w-AlN, Al 5 Ti 2 and Al 3 Ti were also present during the solid state reaction. Ti 4 AlN 3 formation was observed in samples with an Al metal fraction x < 0.63 and a nitrogen content 0.4 < y < 0.6. Regardless of the initial composition, formation of Ti 4 AlN 3 started in Ti 2 AlN crystal plates in the temperature range between 1200-1400 °C. Accompanying the onset of Ti 4 AlN 3 was the presence of an intermediate structure identified as Ti 6 Al 2 N 4 , consisting of alternating layers of intergrown Ti 2 AlN and Ti 4 AlN 3 phases with a half-unit-cell stacking. We suggest that the formation of Ti 4 AlN 3 occurred via intercalation of aluminum and nitrogen along the basal plane accompanied by a simultaneous detwinning process. In addition we propose that this formation mechanism can be used to obtain MAX phases of high n order.

show abstract

Impact of nitrogen vacancies on the high temperature behavior of (Ti1−xAlx)Ny alloys

Cited by 45 publications

References 37 publications

Enhanced thermal stability and mechanical properties of nitrogen deficient titanium aluminum nitride (Ti0.54Al0.46Ny) thin films by tuning the applied negative bias voltage

Enhanced thermal stability and mechanical properties of nitrogen deficient titanium aluminum nitride (Ti0.54Al0.46Ny) thin films by tuning the applied negative bias voltage

Oxidation and wear behavior of CrAlMoN with varied Mo-content for cutting Ti6Al4V

Solid state formation of Ti4AlN3 in cathodic arc deposited (Ti1−xAlx)Ny alloys

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About