Impact of nicotine pathway downregulation on polyamine biosynthesis and leaf ripening in tobacco

Nölke, Greta; Chudobová, Ivana; Houdelet, Marcel; Volke, Daniel C.; Lusso, M.; Frederick, Jesse; Chengalrayan, K.; Shen, Yanxin; Warek, Ujwala; Strickland, James A.; Xu, Dongmei; Schinkel, Helga; Schillberg, Stefan

doi:10.1002/pld3.329

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…For example, an approximate 90% reduction in nicotine contents has been detected in the leaves of tobacco grafted onto a tomato rootstock (Ruiz et al, 2005 ). In tobacco, alkaloids are synthesized in the roots and subsequently transported to leaves (Nölke et al, 2021 ), and thus grafting tobacco onto an eggplant rootstock effectively removes an important source of synthesized alkaloids. Consequently, the leaves of tobacco growing on an eggplant rootstock had lower alkaloid contents compared with those of the non‐grafted tobacco.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topping and grafting affect the alkaloid content and gene expression patterns of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)

2023

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In this study, we aimed to determine molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of topping and grafting in tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.) by comparing the alkaloid contents and enrichment pathways of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among plants subjected to different combinations of topping and grafting treatments. Plants of the tobacco variety “Zhongyan 100” and eggplant ( Solanum melongena L.) were grafted in four combinations as scions and rootstocks, respectively. The four treatment groups were tobacco with topping, tobacco without topping, topped tobacco grafted onto an eggplant rootstock, and non‐topped tobacco grafted onto an eggplant rootstock. Tobacco leaves were collected on the day of topping, at 7 days after topping, and after flue curing, the alkaloid contents of the collected leaves were determined. Leaves of plants subjected to the different treatments were collected for RNA sequencing and screened for DEGs, which were subsequently subjected to functional enrichment analyses. Analyses revealed reductions in the leaf alkaloid contents of tobacco subjected to combined topping and eggplant grafting. Gene annotation indicated that topping influences biological processes such as starch metabolism and stress response, whereas grafting affected the biosynthesis and metabolic pathways of secondary metabolites. Downregulated DEGs between non‐topped tobacco and eggplant‐grafted topped tobacco and between topped and non‐topped tobacco are mainly involved in inositol phosphate metabolic and biosynthetic processes. Downregulated DEGs between different grafting methods (eggplant‐grafted non‐topped tobacco vs. non‐topped tobacco and eggplant‐grafted topped tobacco vs. topped tobacco) are mainly involved in sesquiterpene synthase activity and photosynthesis. The findings of this study provide important insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of topping and grafting on tobacco plants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topping and grafting affect the alkaloid content and gene expression patterns of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)

2023

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“…It was revealed that tobacco alkaloids are synthesized from amino acid precursors, among others, via polyamine metabolism due to the activity of the enzyme, putrescine n-methyltransferase (PMT) [46,51]. In addition, a crosstalk between polyamine and alkaloid (nicotine) metabolisms has been established: augmented polyamine levels in low-alkaloid tobacco (Burley 21) were shown to impair leaf ripening [52]. An understanding of polyamine metabolism in tobacco might provide clues to achieve a balance between alkaloid and polyamine metabolism in low-nicotine varieties.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subfunctionalization of Parental Polyamine Oxidase (PAO) Genes in the Allopolyploid Tobacco Nicotiana tabacum (L.)

Benkő,

Kaszler,

Gémes

et al. 2023

Genes

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Polyamines play an important role in developmental and environmental stress responses in plants. Polyamine oxidases (PAOs) are flavin-adenine-dinucleotide-dependent enzymes associated with polyamine catabolism. In this study, 14 genes were identified in the tobacco genome that code for PAO proteins being named based on their sequence homology with Arabidopsis PAOs (AtPAO1-5): NtPAO1A-B; NtPAO2A-C, NtPAO4A-D, and NtPAO5A-E. Sequence analysis confirmed that the PAO gene family of the allopolyploid hybrid Nicotiana tabacum is not an exact combination of the PAO genes of the maternal Nicotiana sylvestris and paternal Nicotiana tomentosiformis ones. The loss of the N. sylvestris homeolog of NtPAO5E and the gain of an extra NtPAO2 copy, likely of Nicotiana othophora origin, was revealed. The latter adds to the few pieces of evidence suggesting that the paternal parent of N. tabacum was an introgressed hybrid of N. tomentosiformis and N. othophora. Gene expression analysis indicated that all 14 PAO genes kept their expression following the formation of the hybrid species. The homeologous gene pairs showed similar or opposite regulation depending on the investigated organ, applied stress, or hormone treatment. The data indicate that the expression pattern of the homeologous genes is diversifying in a process of subfunctionalization.

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“…Furthermore, high-yield tobacco in Bozhou significantly enhanced the urea cycle, leading to increased contents of polyamines and nicotine while altering the isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis pathway. However, the breeding objective of tobacco has always been to reduce the levels of nicotine and related alkaloids [48]. Furthermore, a previous study indicated that treatment of tobacco plants with polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors can reduce the polyamine content and ameliorate the phenotype [49].…”

Section: Characteristic Metabolites and Metabolic Pathways Of Differe...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Metabolic Characteristics in Different Geographical Locations and Yields of Nicotiana tabacum L. Using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Pseudotargeted Metabolomics Combined with Chemometrics

Jing,

Chen,

Qiu

et al. 2024

Metabolites

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The quality of crops is closely associated with their geographical location and yield, which is reflected in the composition of their metabolites. Hence, we employed GC–MS pseudotargeted metabolomics to investigate the metabolic characteristics of high-, medium-, and low-yield Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) leaves from the Bozhou (sweet honey flavour) and Shuicheng (light flavour) regions of Guizhou Province. A total of 124 metabolites were identified and classified into 22 chemical categories. Principal component analysis revealed that the geographical location exerted a greater influence on the metabolic profiling than the yield. Light-flavoured tobacco exhibited increased levels of sugar metabolism- and glycolysis-related intermediate products (trehalose, glucose-6-phosphate, and fructose-6-phosphate) and a few amino acids (proline and leucine), while sweet honey-flavoured tobacco exhibited increases in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) and the phenylpropane metabolic pathway (p-hydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid, and maleic acid). Additionally, metabolite pathway enrichment analysis conducted at different yields and showed that both Shuicheng and Bozhou exhibited changes in six pathways and four of them were the same, mainly C/N metabolism. Metabolic pathway analysis revealed higher levels of intermediates related to glycolysis and sugar, amino acid, and alkaloid metabolism in the high-yield samples, while higher levels of phenylpropane in the low-yield samples. This study demonstrated that GC–MS pseudotargeted metabolomics-based metabolic profiling can be used to effectively discriminate tobacco leaves from different geographical locations and yields, thus facilitating a better understanding of the relationship between metabolites, yield, and geographical location. Consequently, metabolic profiles can serve as valuable indicators for characterizing tobacco yield and geographical location.

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Impact of nicotine pathway downregulation on polyamine biosynthesis and leaf ripening in tobacco

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Cited by 6 publications

References 40 publications

Topping and grafting affect the alkaloid content and gene expression patterns of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)

Topping and grafting affect the alkaloid content and gene expression patterns of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)

Subfunctionalization of Parental Polyamine Oxidase (PAO) Genes in the Allopolyploid Tobacco Nicotiana tabacum (L.)

Exploring Metabolic Characteristics in Different Geographical Locations and Yields of Nicotiana tabacum L. Using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Pseudotargeted Metabolomics Combined with Chemometrics

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