Impact of nanoparticles surface characteristics on pore structure and performance of forward osmosis membranes

Preparation and Characterization of Thin‐Film Nanocomposite Membrane Incorporated with MoO3 Nanoparticles with High Flux Performance for Forward Osmosis

“…The appearance of significant peaks at 1140 cm −1 , 1330 cm −1 , 1263 cm −1 , 1415 cm −1 , and 1497 cm −1 is respectively attributed to symmetric and asymmetric O=S=O stretching, C–O–C stretching, C=C aromatic ring stretching and CH 3 –C–CH 3 stretching which are corresponded to characteristic peaks of PES membrane substrate . The appearance of peaks at 1593 cm −1 and 1630 cm −1 is attributed to vibrational bands of the polyamide layer (PA) and therefore confirmed the successful formation of polyamide layer on top of the PES substrate by interfacial polymerization . Additionally, the broad weak peak at 3380–3500 cm −1 for all the TFC and TFN membranes, can be assigned to the N−H bond stretching of primary and secondary amines.…”

Advances in forward osmosis membranes: Altering the sub-layer structure via recent fabrication and chemical modification approaches

“…[110]. Importantly, these membranes could have insufficient mechanical strength [115,116] to withstand an applied pressure when measuring the intrinsic performance parameters for large scale operations. The preparation procedure is complex and takes a long time.…”

“…The preparation procedure is complex and takes a long time. There is still a critical issue encounter in compatibility between the nanofibrous substrate and the selective layer [116].…”

“…Nanoparticles (NPs) have a central role in improving the physicochemical properties of the support layer as reported by several groups [116,167,168]. The membrane characteristics can be influenced by poor dispersion of inorganic nanomaterials in the polymeric matrix or incompatibility with the polymeric membrane.…”

“…It is expected that the very small size of nanoparticles is useful to make thinner membranes [161]. NPs can also induce the formation of a preferable finger-like structure with low tortuosity [116]. Also, it was witnessed that incorporating hydrophilic nanoparticles with a high surface area could hinder the thermodynamic stability.…”