Impact of Mycotoxins on Aquaculture Fish Species: A Review

Abstract

As the use of ingredients of plant origin has increased in aquaculture, the potential for mycotoxin poisoning in fish has increased accordingly. Feeding fish with mycotoxin‐contaminated feed can lead to a breakdown in health, manifested as tissue damage or through immunosuppression. Both effects can lead to an increase in mortality. To date, however, there have been few reports of mycotoxins in feed at toxic concentrations. The aim of this study was to describe the effects of those toxic mycotoxins most commonly found as contaminants in fish feed. In terms of fish health, the most harmful mycotoxins are aflatoxin B1 and Fusarium mycotoxins. The most sensitive fish species was rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Future research in the field of mycotoxicosis in fish should be focused on the effects of combinations of mycotoxins.

Comprehensive overview of feed‐to‐fillet transfer of new and traditional contaminants in Atlantic salmon and gilthead sea bream fed plant‐based diets

“…However, mycotoxins were not detected in fillets of fish from the feeding trials, as in the case of polar pesticides. According to these data, under the current feeding trends proposed for Atlantic salmon and gilthead sea bream, the studied mycotoxins do not seem to represent a food safety issue, but could potentially represent a fish welfare issue (Matejova et al., ; Nácher‐Mestre et al., ).…”

“…However, the use of plant ingredients can introduce other contaminants such as polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), which can also be present in marine feed sources (Berntssen, Julshamn, et al., ; Berntssen, Olsvik, et al., ; Nácher‐Mestre, Serrano, Portolés, et al., ). Other expected contaminants in plant feed ingredients are mycotoxins and pesticides (Gonçalves, Naehrer, & Santos, ; Matejova, Svobodova, Vakula, Mares, & Modra, ; Nácher‐Mestre et al., , , ). Besides, these specific contaminants, other nontarget (non‐pre‐selected) unknown and/or nonexpected undesirables, can potentially contribute to food safety of farmed fish.…”

Applicability of a food chain analysis on aquaculture of Atlantic salmon to identify and monitor vulnerabilities and drivers of change for the identification of emerging risks

“…This was only found for mycotoxins, in which a recent study showed that aflatoxin B1, DON and T2-toxin are especially toxic for salmon health, whereas fumonisins and ochratoxin A do not seem to pose problems to salmon health. The effect of beauvericin and enniatins on salmon health is unclear (Matejova et al, 2017). In general, effects on animal health have been demonstrated for organochlorine contaminants (such as dioxins, PCBs and pesticides), for heavy metals (Maule et al, 2007) and for PAHs (Søfteland et al, 2014).…”

Evaluation the effect of mycotoxins on shrimp ( Litopenaeus vannamei ) muscle and their limited exposure dose for preserving the shrimp quality

“…Mycotoxins, such as aflatoxin B (AFB 1 ), deoxynivalenol (DON), ochratoxin (OTA) and T‐2 toxin (T‐2) are toxic metabolites produced that widely contaminated agricultural crops (Bucheli et al, ; Matejova, Svobodova, Vakula, Mares, & Modra, ). In order to reduce the costs and improve aquatic animal nutrition, vegetable protein source, such as soybean, peanut, maize, and other crops, have been used as the main ingredients in aquatic feed throughout the world.…”