Impact of Moringa oleifera on rumen fermentation and methane emission under in vitro condition

Abstract

Exploring innovative methods to provide essential nutrients and reducing ruminant greenhouse gas emission is crucial for animal production and diminishing global warming. This study was conducted to examine the efficacy of Moringa oleifera leaves (ML) in ruminants at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 30% and 40% level in different roughage (R) and concentrate (C) (80R:20C, 70R:30C and 60R:40C) under in vitro conditions. Chemical composition of ML, concentrate mixture and berseem were estimated. Rumen fermentation parameters of male goat kids viz., total gas production, CH4, true dry matter digestibility (TDMD), organic matter digestibility (TOMD), partial fraction (PF), microbial biomass (MBP), ammonia (N), acetate, propionate, butyrate and acetate propionate ratio were observed under in vitro conditions. Results revealed that crude protein, organic matter and ethyl ether content were higher in ML as compared to concentrate mixture and berseem. Magnesium and iron content were also higher in ML as compared to concentrate and berseem. Total gas production, digestibility of DM and OM, MBP, acetate and propionate level were improved (P < 0.05) upto 10–20% replacement. In contrast, decreased in CH4 (%) and CH4 (mL/100 mg dDM) was noted with increased levels of ML incorporation. There was no change observed in ammonia, acetate: propionate ratios at all the three planes of nutrition. In this study, it is concluded that mixing Moringa oleifera leaves in feed can be used as protein supplement and reduce the methane emission without causing any effect on digestibility and rumen fermentation parameters. However, ML can be suggested for widespread practice to attain the sustainable animal production (10–20%) and to alleviate the global warming.

Effectiveness of herbal plants on rumen fermentation, methane gas emissions, in vitro nutrient digestibility, and population of protozoa

“…In accordance with Leitanthem et al . [ 33 ], an increase in IVOMD has also been reported in diets containing herbal plants. This indicates that herbal plants do not interfere with rumen microbes during the digestion of organic matter.…”

“…Similarly, the previous study by Leitanthem et al . [ 33 ] also reported an increase in IVDMD in a diet containing M. oleifera . Antibacterial and protozoan reduce CH 4 gas production, while increasing acetate production, which increases carbohydrate digestion in ruminants.…”

Utilization of marigold leaves (Tagetes erecta L.) in rations and their effect on rumen enzyme activity, fermentation parameters, methane emission, and nutrient digestibility in vitro

“…The scarcity of feedstuffs, particularly protein sources like legumes, cereals, and grains, has led to their high cost and limited accessibility in many regions worldwide. Therefore, it is crucial to explore cost-effective alternative feed sources that are nutritionally rich in essential nutrients and capable of meeting the critical requirements of ruminant animals [1 , 2] .…”

Inclusão de Moringa oleifera e Tithonia diversifolia na silagem de cana-de-açúcar como fonte alimentar alternativa para ovinos

“…Porém, segundo Makkar e Becker (1997) as folhas da MO possuem quantidade insignificante de taninos. Já Leitanthem et al (2022) encontraram 2,02% de taninos, com base na MS, nas folhas desta planta. Neste estudo a inclusão de MO aumentou linearmente a concentração de taninos das silagens (Tabela 9) em todos os tratamentos, que variou de 0.9% em T1 a 1.5% em T3.…”

“…Já em relação à outra planta, a inclusão de 75% de TD influenciou no aumento da concentração de taninos da silagem, aumentando de 0,5% em TC para 0,9% em T6. Autores relatam que a quantidade deste composto presente na TD não é suficiente para influenciar negativamente o aproveitamento dos nutrientes (GARCÍA et al, 2006;LEZCANO et al, 2012). Castro, Ledesma e Arizala (2017) encontraram entre 0,08 a 0,11% de taninos totais em três tipos de TD (diferentes manejos).…”