Impact of More Than a Decade of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Use on Carriage and Invasive Potential in Native American Communities

Scott, Jennifer R.; Millar, Eugene V.; Lipsitch, Marc; Moulton, Lawrence H.; Weatherholtz, Robert; Perilla, Mindy J.; Jackson, Delois; Beall, Bernard; Craig, Mariddie; Reid, Raymond; Santosham, Mathuram; O’Brien, Katherine L.

doi:10.1093/infdis/jir730

Cited by 96 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This finding suggests that pharmacists are not informed about the benefits of the vaccines used to prevent pneumococcal infections. Countries that have included this vaccination in their official immunization schedule have significantly decreased the number of bacterial infections, use of antibiotics and, consequently, AR [26,27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Brazilian pharmacists’ knowledge about antimicrobial resistance

Fiol

Barberato‐Filho

Lopes

et al. 2015

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance (AR) is a multifaceted problem of global significance. In addition to developing new drugs and using antimicrobial guidelines, it is essential that health professionals understand all aspects of the problem and the most effective ways to handle it. This study evaluated pharmacists' level of knowledge about bacterial resistance and antibiotic use in Brazil. Methodology: The study was conducted using a survey provided electronically to pharmacists in São Paulo State, Brazil. Results: In total, 754 pharmacists completed the survey. The majority of the pharmacists were young (under 30 years of age), female, and worked in community pharmacies. Pharmacists who worked in hospital or community pharmacies reported a greater AR interference in their work than did pharmacists working in other locations (p < 0.05). With respect to factors that contribute to AR, pharmacists placed little weight on the role of inadequate hand washing or lack of immunization campaigns. The pharmacists also believed that vaccination was of limited value in combating AR and instead placed the highest value on educational campaigns. The study showed that pharmacists who used package inserts and advertising material as their source for updated information had a poorer understanding of the appropriate use of antibiotics than did those who obtained their information from scientific journals, textbooks, or scientific meetings. Conclusions: The results highlight the need for adequate information regarding AR to reach health professionals such as pharmacists. Governments should promote campaigns for integrated actions to combat the serious global problem presented by AR.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Brazilian pharmacists’ knowledge about antimicrobial resistance

Fiol

Barberato‐Filho

Lopes

et al. 2015

J Infect Dev Ctries

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show abstract

“…After more a decade of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine implementation, it ranged between 8.9 and 13.8% in native American adults aged 17-39, 40-64 and ≥ 65 y. 21 The majority of the above mentioned surveys were not specifically addressed to evaluate carriage in the elderly, the age class presenting the highest morbidity and mortality for streptococcus diseases, and data were usually aggregated not allowing to evaluate carriage in the different elderly age groups. Their adult study population often included parents of new born, infants and young children introducing relevant bias in terms of age distribution and exposition to pediatric reservoir.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2,20,21 These differences are probably attributable to the demographic, social and behavioral differences and different selective pressure induced by antibiotics and vaccines.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Carriage ofStreptoccoccus pneumoniaein healthy adults aged 60 years or over in a population with very high and long-lasting pneumococcal conjugate vaccine coverage in children

Ansaldi

Florentiis

Canepa

et al. 2013

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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“…The higher avidity in older IPD patients than in younger IPD patients may be due to more extensive nasopharyngeal pneumococcal carriage. Although among the elderly pneumococcal carriage rates below 10% have been reported (15)(16)(17), other studies demonstrate increasing carriage rates with senior age (18,19). Moreover, pneumococcal carriage was recently shown to be present in 33% of the Dutch elderly (20) and may still induce an anti-PPS memory response at this age (21).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%