Impact of moderate exercise on fatty acid oxidation in pancreatic β-cells and skeletal muscle

Langlois, A.; Forterre, Alexis V.; Pinget, M.; Bouzakri, Karim

doi:10.1007/s40618-021-01551-2

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…Lipotoxicity factors: Excess saturated free fatty acids (FFA), diacylglycerol, ceramides, modified carnitine, non-esterified cholesterol, and other hydrophobic molecules can damage mitochondria and other cellular structures [60,[187][188][189]; 4.…”

Section: The Development Of Atherosclerosis Involves Various Factors ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Atherosclerosis and Inflammation: Insights from the Theory of General Pathological Processes

Gusev

Sarapultsev

2023

IJMS

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Recent advances have greatly improved our understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind atherosclerosis pathogenesis. However, there is still a need to systematize this data from a general pathology perspective, particularly with regard to atherogenesis patterns in the context of both canonical and non-classical inflammation types. In this review, we analyze various typical phenomena and outcomes of cellular pro-inflammatory stress in atherosclerosis, as well as the role of endothelial dysfunction in local and systemic manifestations of low-grade inflammation. We also present the features of immune mechanisms in the development of productive inflammation in stable and unstable plaques, along with their similarities and differences compared to canonical inflammation. There are numerous factors that act as inducers of the inflammatory process in atherosclerosis, including vascular endothelium aging, metabolic dysfunctions, autoimmune, and in some cases, infectious damage factors. Life-critical complications of atherosclerosis, such as cardiogenic shock and severe strokes, are associated with the development of acute systemic hyperinflammation. Additionally, critical atherosclerotic ischemia of the lower extremities induces paracoagulation and the development of chronic systemic inflammation. Conversely, sepsis, other critical conditions, and severe systemic chronic diseases contribute to atherogenesis. In summary, atherosclerosis can be characterized as an independent form of inflammation, sharing similarities but also having fundamental differences from low-grade inflammation and various variants of canonical inflammation (classic vasculitis).

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Section: The Development Of Atherosclerosis Involves Various Factors ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Atherosclerosis and Inflammation: Insights from the Theory of General Pathological Processes

Gusev

Sarapultsev

2023

IJMS

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“…In particular, F-HIT exercise led to reductions in fat mass, plasma triglycerides and cholesterol, metabolic syndrome severity, diastolic blood pressure, and concentrations of plasma resistin-a pro-inflammatory adipokine. A recent review has indeed highlighted how only high-intensity physical exercise improves metabolic control at the musculoskeletal level, possible due to the release of myokines, fatty acids, and/or the activation of specific β-cellular receptors for fatty acids [68]. In addition, another study investigating the effects on beta-cell function suggested that F-HIT significantly increased the DI, while no changes in the OGTT-derived first-and second-phase insulin secretion were observed after intervention [43].…”

Section: Exercise Regimens For T2dmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Activity and Type 2 Diabetes: In Search of a Personalized Approach to Improving β-Cell Function

Di Murro,

Di Giuseppe,

Soldovieri

et al. 2023

Nutrients

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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most widespread diseases worldwide. Lifestyle interventions, including diet and physical activity (PA), are fundamental non-pharmacological components of T2DM therapy. Exercise interventions are strongly recommended for people with or at risk of developing or already with overt diabetes, but adherence to PA guidelines in this population is still challenging. Furthermore, the heterogeneity of T2DM patients, driven by differing residual β-cell functionality, as well as the possibility of practicing different types and intensities of PA, has led to the need to develop tailored exercise and training plans. Investigations on blood glucose variation in response to exercise could help to clarify why individuals do not respond in the same way to PA, and to guide the prescription of personalized treatments. The aim of this review is to offer an updated overview of the current evidence on the effects of different regimens and modalities of PA regarding glucose sensing and β-cell secretory dynamics in individuals with prediabetes or T2DM, with a special focus on β-cell function.

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“…Recent research helps to understand this finding, since it has shown that human skeletal muscle cells secrete myokines such as CX3CL1 (fractalkine), which protect β-cells from the negative impact of TNFα [274], and that short-term training improves β-cell function and efficiently reduces ectopic fat within the pancreas in prediabetic or T2D patients [275]. In addition, studies performed on T2D suggest that longduration higher-intensity exercise is less beneficial than moderate-duration and -intensity exercises [276,277].…”

Section: Metabolic Effects Of Lipoxmax Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond the Calorie Paradigm: Taking into Account in Practice the Balance of Fat and Carbohydrate Oxidation during Exercise?

et al. 2022

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Recent literature shows that exercise is not simply a way to generate a calorie deficit as an add-on to restrictive diets but exerts powerful additional biological effects via its impact on mitochondrial function, the release of chemical messengers induced by muscular activity, and its ability to reverse epigenetic alterations. This review aims to summarize the current literature dealing with the hypothesis that some of these effects of exercise unexplained by an energy deficit are related to the balance of substrates used as fuel by the exercising muscle. This balance of substrates can be measured with reliable techniques, which provide information about metabolic disturbances associated with sedentarity and obesity, as well as adaptations of fuel metabolism in trained individuals. The exercise intensity that elicits maximal oxidation of lipids, termed LIPOXmax, FATOXmax, or FATmax, provides a marker of the mitochondrial ability to oxidize fatty acids and predicts how much fat will be oxidized over 45–60 min of low- to moderate-intensity training performed at the corresponding intensity. LIPOXmax is a reproducible parameter that can be modified by many physiological and lifestyle influences (exercise, diet, gender, age, hormones such as catecholamines, and the growth hormone-Insulin-like growth factor I axis). Individuals told to select an exercise intensity to maintain for 45 min or more spontaneously select a level close to this intensity. There is increasing evidence that training targeted at this level is efficient for reducing fat mass, sparing muscle mass, increasing the ability to oxidize lipids during exercise, lowering blood pressure and low-grade inflammation, improving insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity, reducing blood glucose and HbA1c in type 2 diabetes, and decreasing the circulating cholesterol level. Training protocols based on this concept are easy to implement and accept in very sedentary patients and have shown an unexpected efficacy over the long term. They also represent a useful add-on to bariatric surgery in order to maintain and improve its weight-lowering effect. Additional studies are required to confirm and more precisely analyze the determinants of LIPOXmax and the long-term effects of training at this level on body composition, metabolism, and health.

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Impact of moderate exercise on fatty acid oxidation in pancreatic β-cells and skeletal muscle

Cited by 9 publications

References 107 publications

Atherosclerosis and Inflammation: Insights from the Theory of General Pathological Processes

Atherosclerosis and Inflammation: Insights from the Theory of General Pathological Processes

Physical Activity and Type 2 Diabetes: In Search of a Personalized Approach to Improving β-Cell Function

Beyond the Calorie Paradigm: Taking into Account in Practice the Balance of Fat and Carbohydrate Oxidation during Exercise?

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