Impact of meteorology on fine aerosols at Lucas Heights, Australia

Crawford, Jagoda; Chambers, Scott D.; Cohen, David D.; Williams, Alastair G.; Griffiths, Alan D.; Stelcer, Eduard; Dyer, Leisa

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.09.025

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In Sydney, in 2007, it was estimated that PM 2.5 was responsible for 430 premature deaths or around 2% of total deaths, while 630 respiratory and cardiovascular hospital admissions was attributed to PM 2.5 and ozone exposure [5]. The main source of PM 2.5 in the Sydney region, has been shown to be from motor vehicles [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vehicle Ammonia Emissions Measured in An Urban Environment in Sydney, Australia, Using Open Path Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy

et al. 2019

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Airborne particulate matter (PM) is a major health risk in urban settings. Ammonia (NH3) from vehicle exhaust is an under-recognised ingredient in the formation of inorganic PM and there remains a shortage of data to properly quantify the role of NH3 from vehicles in PM formation. An Open-path Fourier transform infra-red (OP-FTIR) spectrometer measured atmospheric NH3, carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) at high temporal resolution (5 min) in Western Sydney over 11 months. The oxides of nitrogen (NO2 and NO; NOx) and sulphur dioxide (SO2) were measured at an adjacent air quality monitoring station. NH3 levels were maxima in the morning and evening coincident with peak traffic. During peak traffic NH3:CO ratio ranged from 0.018 to 0.022 ppbv:ppbv. Results were compared with the Greater Metropolitan Region 2008 (GMR2008) emissions inventory. Measured NH3:CO was higher during peak traffic times than the GMR2008 emissions estimates, indicating an underestimation of vehicle NH3 emissions in the inventory. Measurements also indicated the urban atmosphere was NH3 rich for the formation of ammonium sulphate ((NH4)2SO4) particulate was SO2 limited while the formation of ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) was NH3 limited. Any reduction in NOx emissions with improved catalytic converter efficiency will be accompanied by an increase in NH3 production and potentially with an increase in NH4NO3 particulate.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vehicle Ammonia Emissions Measured in An Urban Environment in Sydney, Australia, Using Open Path Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy

et al. 2019

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“…As documented previously (Crawford et al, 2016c), total PM 2.5 and each of the sources exhibit seasonal variation; with higher concentration of 2ndryS, IndSaged and Sea measured in summer and higher concentration of Autos measured in winter. This is in part affected by the changes in the predominant fetch during the different seasons (section 2.1 and supplementary Fig.…”

Section: Concentrations Of Separate Pm 25 Source Typesmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Using this data set, source type fingerprints were determined previously (Crawford, 2016c). In particular, 836 data samples were available for this study, from which the IBA determined the concentration of 23 elements, following which using the PMF analysis, 7 source types were identified.…”

Section: Aerosol Sampling and Elemental Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The identified source fingerprints were vehicle exhaust (Autos; 26.3%), secondary sulfate (2ndryS; 23.7%), old sea air mixed with industrial sources (IndSaged; 20.6%), smoke from domestic heating or bush fires (Smoke; 13.7%), fresh sea salt (Sea; 10.9%), soil dust (Soil; 3.7%) and other industrial releases (1.1%). The fingerprinting method and composition of each source fingerprint is detailed in (Crawford, 2016c).…”

Section: Aerosol Sampling and Elemental Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…on source apportioned PM 2.5 at Lucas Heights, Australia, was described in a previous study (Crawford et al, 2016c) to indicate the possible pollution increases in the Sydney area that may arise from future climate change. However, more detailed knowledge of the dispersive capabilities of an airshed can be important in pinpointing the conditions under which any changes of the source strengths (e.g., as from additional sources, or the application of mitigation strategies) will have the most impact.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Atmospheric Flow Conditions on Fine Aerosols in Sydney, Australia

Crawford

Cohen

Griffiths

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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We apply a simple objective measure of an airshed's degree of ventilation and determine the impact on PM 2.5 observations at Lucas Heights, Sydney, Australia. We extend the analysis of previous studies, which considered total PM 2.5 , by: using positive matrix factorisation to split the aerosol mass by source type; and using Radon-222 measurements as an independent indicator of ventilation and mixing. For this coastal airshed we found that for 64% of the time, conditions could be classified into four categories: local recirculation (LRC; 15%), stagnation (19.5%), regional recirculation (RRC; 10.9%), or ventilation (18.6%). Mean PM 2.5 concentrations under recirculation (in this study separated into; LRC and RRC) were 33% higher than under stagnation and can be double that of concentrations under ventilation. Since the combination of LRC and RRC events account for around 26% of all events, recirculation effects on PM 2.5 concentrations are significant. However, we found that airshed ventilation doesn't affect PM 2.5 concentrations from all sources evenly. Considering the three main sources of total PM 2.5 at this site (vehicle exhaust 26.3%, secondary sulfate 23.7% and aged industrial sulfur 20.6%), conditions leading to the highest concentrations differ. The highest vehicle exhaust concentrations occur under LRC, the highest aged-industrial-sulphur concentrations occur under RRC, and secondary sulfur had similarly high concentrations under LRC and RRC. Under LRC the concentration from vehicle exhaust can be up to a factor of 3.9 greater than under ventilation. On a seasonal basis, RRC flow is most likely to occur in summer and spring (the warmer months of the year when sea breezes are more likely), whereas LRC conditions are more likely to occur in autumn and winter. These findings support those of previous studies, indicating that re-circulation can have a significant effect on PM 2.5 concentrations in coastal airsheds, and the degree of impact can vary by source type.

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Airborne particulate in Varanasi over middle Indo-Gangetic Plain: variation in particulate types and meteorological influences

Murari

Kumar

Mhawish

et al. 2017

Environ Monit Assess

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The variation in particulate mass and particulate types (PM and PM) with respect to local/regional meteorology was analyzed from January to December 2014 (n = 104) for an urban location over the middle Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP). Both coarser (mean ± SD; PM 161.3 ± 110.4 μg m, n = 104) and finer particulates (PM 81.78 ± 66.4 μg m) revealed enormous mass loading with distinct seasonal effects (range: PM 12-535 μg m; PM 8-362 μg m). Further, 56% (for PM) to 81% (for PM) of monitoring events revealed non-attainment national air quality standard especially during winter months. Particulate types (in terms of PM/PM 0.49 ± 0.19) also exhibited temporal variations with high PM loading particularly during winter (0.62) compared to summer months (0.38). Local meteorology has clear distinguishing trends in terms of dry summer (March to June), wet winter (December to February), and monsoon (July to September). Among all the meteorological variables (average temperature, rainfall, relative humidity (RH), wind speed (WS)), temperature was found to be inversely related with particulate loading (r -0.79; r -0.87) while RH only resulted a significant association with PM during summer (r 0.07; r 0.55) and with PM during winter (r 0.53; r 0.24). Temperature, atmospheric boundary layer (ABL), and RH were cumulatively recognized as the dominant factors regulating particulate concentration as days with high particulate loading (PM >150 μg m; PM >260 μg m) appeared to have lower ABL (mean 660 m), minimum temperature (<22.6 °C), and high RH (∼79%). The diurnal variations of particulate ratio were mostly insignificant except minor increases during night having a high wintertime ratio (0.58 ± 0.07) over monsoon (0.34 ± 0.05) and summer (0.30 ± 0.07). Across the region, atmospheric visibility appeared to be inversely associated with particulate (r -0.84; r -0.79) for all humid conditions, while at RH ≥80%, RH appeared as the most dominant factor in regulating visibility compared to particulate loading. The Lagrangian particle dispersion model was further used to identify possible regions contributing particulate loading through regional/transboundary movement.

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Impact of meteorology on fine aerosols at Lucas Heights, Australia

Cited by 18 publications

References 43 publications

Vehicle Ammonia Emissions Measured in An Urban Environment in Sydney, Australia, Using Open Path Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy

Vehicle Ammonia Emissions Measured in An Urban Environment in Sydney, Australia, Using Open Path Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy

Impact of Atmospheric Flow Conditions on Fine Aerosols in Sydney, Australia

Airborne particulate in Varanasi over middle Indo-Gangetic Plain: variation in particulate types and meteorological influences

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