Impact of metabolic syndrome on clinical characteristics and one-year outcomes of patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention

Abstract

Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a set of symptoms, including insulin resistance, high blood sugar, and abdominal obesity, that increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases. This syndrome is prevalent in acute coronary syndrome (ACS), comprising patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This study evaluated the prognosis of AMI patients who underwent primary PCI in two groups with and without MetS. Methods This retrospective study was performed on ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients referred to the emergency department of Tehran Heart Center from 2012 to 2020 who underwent primary PCI. Patients were divided into MetS and non-MetS according to International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. Clinical and laboratory characteristics were compared between the two groups. Results 3103 patients were included, and 2144 patients (69%) had MetS. The mean age of both groups was approximately 62 years. In both groups, the majority were men. Sixty-six in-hospital deaths occurred, with no significant difference regarding the presence of MetS. One hundred fifty-two deaths happened during the one-year follow-up, without a significant difference between the two groups. Four hundred twenty-one MACE were observed in one year, which was not significantly different between patients with and without MetS. Analysis of patients with a BMI less than 25 kg/m2 revealed significantly higher MACE in MetS compared to the non-MetS group. Conclusion In-hospital mortality, one-year death, and one-year MACE were not associated with MetS in this study.