Impact of Metabolic Surgery on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Cardiovascular Risk Factors, and Mortality: A Review

Abstract

Background: The association between obesity and a reduction in life expectancy is well established, and cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of mortality. Bariatric surgery has long been established as the most effective and durable intervention for obesity, and is the only intervention for obesity that consistently improves multiple comorbidities, reduces cardiovascular disease and long-term mortality. The purpose of this review article is to describe the impact of metabolic/bariatric surgery on type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiometabolic parameters, including cardiovascular mortality. Methods: A systematic literature search of Pubmed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Central Register was performed. We included randomized controlled trials, metanalysis, case-control trials, and cohort studies that contain data on reductions in cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular mortality in subjects who underwent metabolic/bariatric surgery from January 1, 2005, to June 1, 2020. Conclusion: There is sufficient evidence of randomized controlled trials that metabolic/bariatric surgery is associated with a significant improvement of all cardiovascular risk factors. Although studies are showing a reduction of macrovascular events and cardiovascular mortality, these findings come from observational studies and should be confirmed in randomized clinical trials.

Bergenin inhibits palmitic acid-induced pancreatic β-cell inflammatory death via regulating NLRP3 inflammasome activation

“…Bergenin inhibits palmitic acid-induced pancreatic β-cell inflammatory death via regulating NLRP3 inflammasome activation metabolic syndrome, lifestyle, sleep deprivation, smoking, work stress, and alcohol, among others (3,4). Patients with T2DM are at risk for cardiovascular disease, stroke, diabetic foot syndrome, and renal insufficiency, making it the 9 th major cause of death worldwide (5,6). The main goals of T2DM management currently are insulin regulation and complication prevention (7,8).…”

Life expectancy after bariatric surgery or usual care in patients with or without baseline type 2 diabetes in Swedish Obese Subjects

“…Achieving and maintaining a healthy body weight is needed to prevent obesity-related diseases and mortality. Bariatric surgery is an established treatment of obesity and results in large, sustained weight loss, as well as improvement of cardiovascular risk factors, including remission or prevention of T2D depending on diabetes status at the time of surgery [ 2 – 4 ].…”