Impact of Membrane Phosphoric Acid Doping Level on Transport Phenomena and Performance in High Temperature PEM Fuel Cells

Li, Shian; Peng, Chengzhong; Shen, Qiuwan; Wang, Chongyang; Cheng, Yuan‐Zhe; Yang, Guogang

doi:10.3390/membranes11110817

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…New membranes should be developed with high proton conductivity networks, with, for instance, ionic clusters on the membrane surface [341]. In addition, a trade-off may need to be reached between a membrane with intrinsically high proton conductivity and high doping and retention capabilities, as these drive different membrane synthesis approaches [342]. Recently developed cross-linked membranes synthesized based on poly(ethylene imine) (PEI) and poly(ether ketone cardo) should be explored further, as the abundant PEI amino groups provide superior PA absorption capability and conductivity for these membranes [343].…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Developmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overcoming the Electrode Challenges of High-Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Meyer

Yang

Cheng

et al. 2023

Electrochem. Energy Rev.

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Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are becoming a major part of a greener and more sustainable future. However, the costs of high-purity hydrogen and noble metal catalysts alongside the complexity of the PEMFC system severely hamper their commercialization. Operating PEMFCs at high temperatures (HT-PEMFCs, above 120 °C) brings several advantages, such as increased tolerance to contaminants, more affordable catalysts, and operations without liquid water, hence considerably simplifying the system. While recent progresses in proton exchange membranes for HT-PEMFCs have made this technology more viable, the HT-PEMFC viscous acid electrolyte lowers the active site utilization by unevenly diffusing into the catalyst layer while it acutely poisons the catalytic sites. In recent years, the synthesis of platinum group metal (PGM) and PGM-free catalysts with higher acid tolerance and phosphate-promoted oxygen reduction reaction, in conjunction with the design of catalyst layers with improved acid distribution and more triple-phase boundaries, has provided great opportunities for more efficient HT-PEMFCs. The progress in these two interconnected fields is reviewed here, with recommendations for the most promising routes worthy of further investigation. Using these approaches, the performance and durability of HT-PEMFCs will be significantly improved.

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Section: Conclusion and Future Developmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overcoming the Electrode Challenges of High-Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Meyer

Yang

Cheng

et al. 2023

Electrochem. Energy Rev.

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show abstract

“…The mixture of the acid-base membrane allows for high thermal and chemical stabilities, in addition to a proton conductivity in the same range as, or even higher than, that of Nafion. Among the strong acids, phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4 ) and sulphuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) show valuable proton conductivities in both wet and anhydrous forms [24,25]. PBI is known for its high chemical and thermal stability.…”

Section: Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (Pemfcs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Review on the Use of Ionic Liquids in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

et al. 2022

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This work provides a comprehensive review on the incorporation of ionic liquid (ILs) into polymer blends and their utilization as proton exchanges membranes (PEM). Various conventional polymers that incorporate ILs are discussed, such as Nafion, poly (vinylidene fluoride), polybenzimidazole, sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone), and sulfonated polyimide. The methods of synthesis of IL/polymer composite membranes are summarized and the role of ionic liquids as electrolytes and structure directing agents in PEM fuel cells (PEMFCs) is presented. In addition, the obstacles that are reported to impede the development of commercial polymerized IL membranes are highlighted in this work. The paper concludes that the presence of certain ILs can increase the conductivity of the PEM, and consequently, enhance the performance of PEMFCs. Nevertheless, the leakage of ILs from composite membranes as well as the limited long-term thermal and mechanical stability are considered as the main challenges that limit the employment of IL/polymer composite membranes in PEMFCs, especially for high-temperature applications.

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“…There are many numerical studies related to HT-PEMFCs in the available literature. Li et al [ 7 ] studied effect of membrane phosphoric acid doping level on transport characteristics and cell performance. It was reported that cell performance is increased with the increase in doping level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Study on Thermal Stress of High Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells during Start-Up Process

Peng

Shen

et al. 2023

Membranes

Self Cite

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High-temperature proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFCs) with phosphoric-doped polybenzimidazole (PBI) membranes have a higher operating temperature compared to the PEMFCs operating below 373.15 K. The fuel cell is first heated from room temperature to the minimum operating temperature to avoid the generation of liquid water. The existence of liquid water can result in the loss of phosphoric acid and then affect the cell performance. In this study, the start-up process of HT-PEMFCs is numerically studied by establishing a three-dimensional non-isothermal mathematical model. Preheated gas is supplied into gas flow channels to heat the fuel cell, and then voltage load is applied to accelerate the start-up process. Effects of voltage (0.9 V, 0.7 V and 0.5 V) and flow arrangement (co-flow and counter flow) on temperature, current density, proton conductivity and stress distributions of fuel cells are examined. It is found that the maximum stress is increased when a lower voltage is adopted, and the counter-flow arrangement provides a more uniform stress distribution than that of co-flow arrangement.

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Impact of Membrane Phosphoric Acid Doping Level on Transport Phenomena and Performance in High Temperature PEM Fuel Cells

Cited by 5 publications

References 26 publications

Overcoming the Electrode Challenges of High-Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Overcoming the Electrode Challenges of High-Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

A Critical Review on the Use of Ionic Liquids in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Numerical Study on Thermal Stress of High Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells during Start-Up Process

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