Impact of maximal strength training on work efficiency and muscle fiber type in the elderly: Implications for physical function and fall prevention

Wang, Eivind; Nyberg, Stian Kwak; Hoff, Jan; Zhao, Jia; Leivseth, Gunnar; Tørhaug, Tom; Husby, Otto Schnell; Helgerud, Jan; Richardson, Russell S.

doi:10.1016/j.exger.2017.02.071

Cited by 52 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 41 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Third, from a purely practical standpoint, MST is simpler to administer since no or extra personnel or special equipment is required to add and remove the excess weight in the eccentric phase. Finally, of clinical importance, MST has been documented to be feasible and safe to carry out in elderly and a wide range of frail patient populations (Hoff et al 2007;Toien et al 2018;Unhjem et al 2015Unhjem et al , 2016aWang et al 2017) and contribute to improved function and ability to maintain independence in daily activities (Unhjem et al 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maximal strength training: the impact of eccentric overload

Tøien

Haglo

Unhjem

et al. 2018

Journal of Neurophysiology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The search for the most potent strength training intervention is continuous. Maximal strength training (MST) yields large improvements in force-generating capacity (FGC), largely attributed to efferent neural drive enhancement. However, it remains elusive whether eccentric overload, before the concentric phase, may augment training-induced neuromuscular adaptations. A total of 53 23 ± 3 (SD)-yr-old untrained males were randomized to either a nontraining control group (CG) or one of two training groups performing leg press strength training with linear progression, three times per week for 8 wk. The first training group carried out MST with four sets of four repetitions at ~90% one-repetition maximum (1RM) in both action phases. The second group performed MST with an augmented eccentric load of 150% 1RM (eMST). Measurements were taken of 1RM and rate of force development (RFD), countermovement jump (CMJ) performance, and evoked potentials recordings [V-wave (V) and H-reflex (H) normalized to M-wave (M) in musculus soleus]. 1RM increased from 133 ± 16 to 157 ± 23 kg and 123 ± 18 to 149 ± 22 kg and CMJ by 2.3 ± 3.6 and 2.2 ± 3.7cm for MST and eMST, respectively (all P < 0.05). Early, late, and maximal RFD increased in both groups [634–1,501 N/s (MST); 644–2,111 N/s (eMST); P < 0.05]. These functional improvements were accompanied by increased V/M-ratio (MST: 0.34 ± 0.11 to 0.42 ± 14; eMST: .36 ± 0.14 to 0.43 ± 13; P < 0.05). Resting H/M-ratio remained unchanged. Training-induced improvements did not differ. All increases, except for CMJ, were different from the CG. MST is an enterprise for large gains in FGC and functional performance. Eccentric overload did not induce additional improvements, suggesting firing frequency and motor unit recruitment during MST may be maximal. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study to apply evoked potential recordings to investigate effects on efferent neural drive following high-intensity strength training with and without eccentric overload in a functionally relevant lower extremity exercise. We document that eccentric overload does not augment improvements in efferent neural drive or muscle force-generating capacity, suggesting that high-intensity concentric loads may maximally tax firing frequency and motor unit recruitment.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maximal strength training: the impact of eccentric overload

Tøien

Haglo

Unhjem

et al. 2018

Journal of Neurophysiology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Wang et al (2017) demonstrated that heavy strength training increases maximal strength, the rate of force development, work efficiency and muscular hypertrophy, especially among myofibers type II. Corroborating, Conlon et al (2017) also showed increases in muscular hypertrophy and strength, independently of periodization strategies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Strength Training and Anabolic Steroid in the Peripheral Nerve and Skeletal Muscle Morphology of Aged Rats

Neto

Silva

Ciena

et al. 2017

Front. Aging Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Thirty male 20-month-old Wistar rats were divided into groups: IC—initial control (n = 6), FC—final control (n = 6), AC—anabolic hormone control (n = 6), ST—strength trained (n = 6) and STA—strength trained with anabolic hormone (n = 6). All groups were submitted to adaptation, familiarization and maximum load carrying test (MLCT). Strength training (6–8×/session with loads of 50%–100% MLCT, 3×/week and pause of 120 s) was performed in ladder climbing (LC) for 15 weeks. The administration of testosterone propionate (TP) was performed 2×/week (10 mg/kg) in animals in the AC and STA groups. After the experimental period, animals were euthanized and the tibial nerve and plantaris muscle removed and prepared for electron transmission and histochemistry. To compare the groups we used one-way ANOVA (post hoc Bonferroni), student’s t-tests for pre vs. post (dependent and independent variables) comparisons and significance level set at p ≤ 0.05. The following significant results were found: (a) aging decreased the number of myelinated axon fibers; (b) use of isolated TP increased the diameter of myelinated fibers, along with increased thickness of myelin sheath; (c) ST increased area of myelinated and unmyelinated fibers, together with the myelin sheath. These changes made it possible to increase the area occupied by myelinated fibers keeping their quantity and also reduce the interstitial space; and (d) association of anabolic steroid and ST increased the area of unmyelinated axons and thickness of the myelin sheath. Compared to ST, both strategies have similar results. However, Schwann cells increased significantly only in this strategy.

show abstract

“…The participants walked at a submaximal work rate of 4.5 km·h ‐1 and 4% inclination for 5 minutes where energy expenditure was calculated as the average of the pulmonary V̇O 2 measurements during the final minute. External work accomplished and V̇O 2 was converted to kcals for walking efficiency calculation:

Walking efficiency = \frac{External work accomplished (Kcal \cdot m i n^{- 1})}{Energy expenditure (Kcal \cdot {truemin}^{- 1})} \times 100

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patients with schizophrenia have impaired muscle force‐generating capacity and functional performance

Nygård

Brobakken

Roel

et al. 2019

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Patients with schizophrenia have impaired physical health. However, evidence of how skeletal muscle force‐generating capacity (FGC), a key component of functional performance, may contribute to the impairment is scarce. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the patient groups’ skeletal muscle FGC and its association with functional performance. Leg‐press FGC was assessed along with a battery of functional performance tests in 48 outpatients (28 men, 34 ± 10 years; 20 women, 36 ± 12 years) with schizophrenia spectrum disorder (ICD‐10, F20‐29), and compared with 48 healthy age‐ and gender‐matched references. Results revealed reduced one‐repetition maximum (1RM) in men (−19%, P < .01) and a trend toward reduction in women (−13%, P = .067). The ability to develop force rapidly was also impaired (men: −30%; women: −25%, both P < .01). Patients scored worse than healthy references on all physical performance tests (stair climbing: −63%; 30‐second sit‐to‐stand (30sSTS): −48%; six‐minute walk test (6MWT): −22%; walking efficiency: −14%; and unipedal stance eyes open: −20% and closed: −73%, all P < .01). 1RM correlated with 6MWT (r = .45), stair climbing (r = −.44), 30sSTS (r = .43), walking efficiency (r = .26), and stance eyes open (r = .33) and closed (r = .45), all P < .01. Rapid force development correlated with 6MWT (r = .54), stair climbing (r = −.49), 30sSTS (r = .45), walking efficiency (r = .26), and stance eyes open (r = .44) and closed (r = .51), all P < .01. In conclusion, skeletal muscle FGC and functional performance are reduced in patients with schizophrenia and should be recognized as important aspects of the patient groups’ impaired health. Resistance training aiming to improve these components should be considered an important part of clinical treatment.

show abstract

Impact of maximal strength training on work efficiency and muscle fiber type in the elderly: Implications for physical function and fall prevention

Cited by 52 publications

References 41 publications

Maximal strength training: the impact of eccentric overload

Maximal strength training: the impact of eccentric overload

Effects of Strength Training and Anabolic Steroid in the Peripheral Nerve and Skeletal Muscle Morphology of Aged Rats

Patients with schizophrenia have impaired muscle force‐generating capacity and functional performance

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About