Impact of Maternal Smoking on the Onset of Breastfeeding versus Formula Feeding: A Cross-Sectional Study

Muñiz, Carolina Lechosa; Paz-Zulueta, María; Río, Elsa Cornejo del; Sota, Sonia Mateo; Adana, María Sáez de; Pérez, María Madrazo; Pérez, María Jesús Cabero

doi:10.3390/ijerph16244888

Cited by 18 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…It attends about 3000 deliveries per year. Details on design and recruitment have been published elsewhere [25]; this manuscript is a further analysis of that sample after following children for one year.…”

Section: Participants and Recruitmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Care Costs Associated to Type of Feeding in the First Year of Life

Lechosa-Muñiz

Paz-Zulueta

Herrero

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Background: Breastfeeding is associated with lower risk of infectious diseases, leading to fewer hospital admissions and pediatrician consultations. It is cost saving for the health care system, however, it is not usually estimated from actual cohorts but via simulation studies. Methods: A cohort of 970 children was followed-up for twelve months. Data on mother characteristics, pregnancy, delivery and neonate characteristics were obtained from medical records. The type of neonate feeding at discharge, 2, 4, 6, 9 and 12 months of life was reported by the mothers. Infectious diseases diagnosed in the first year of life, hospital admissions, primary care and emergency room consultations and drug treatments were obtained from neonate medical records. Health care costs were attributed using public prices and All Patients Refined–Diagnosis Related Groups (APR–DRG) classification. Results: Health care costs in the first year of life were higher in children artificially fed than in those breastfed (1339.5€, 95% confidence interval (CI): 903.0–1775.0 for artificially fed vs. 443.5€, 95% CI: 193.7–694.0 for breastfed). The breakdown of costs also shows differences in primary care consultations (295.7€ for formula fed children vs. 197.9€ for breastfed children), emergency room consultations (260.1€ for artificially fed children vs. 196.2€ for breastfed children) and hospital admissions (791.6€ for artificially fed children vs. 86.9€ for breastfed children). Conclusions: Children artificially fed brought about more health care costs related to infectious diseases than those exclusively breastfed or mixed breastfed. Excess costs were caused in hospital admissions, primary care consultations, emergency room consultations and drug consumption.

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Section: Participants and Recruitmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Care Costs Associated to Type of Feeding in the First Year of Life

Lechosa-Muñiz

Paz-Zulueta

Herrero

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…It has been suggested that they are more aware of the health implications of breastfeeding [16] and that they -being economically more independent than less educated women, and are empowered to make the decision on whether breastfeeding or not by themselves [17]. Smoking in pregnancy has been largely and consistently identified as factor associated with both breastfeeding non-initiation and early discontinuation [10,11,13]. What our study adds is that breastfeeding lasted about 40% less in children born from mothers who smoked in pregnancy when compared with those from mothers who did not smoke.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Women who rejected to sign the informed consent and those who did live in the region were excluded from the study. Details on recruitment and gathering information have been published elsewhere [11].…”

Section: Design and Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Factors favouring breastfeeding both onset and continuation, include higher maternal education [ 5 , 6 ], parity [ 6 , 7 ], birth at term [ 5 ], vaginal delivery [ 8 , 9 ], maternal smoking [ 8 , 10 , 11 ] and skin-to-skin mother-infant contact shortly after birth [ 12 ]. A recent meta-analysis confirmed these results, finding that the influence of these factors on breastfeeding continuation was similar to that of the initiation of breastfeeding and confirmed the importance of previous experience, non-separation of dyads, and education in breastfeeding [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors associated with duration of breastfeeding in Spain: a cohort study

et al. 2020

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Background Factors associated with duration of breastfeeding have been usually studied at specific times after birth. Little is known about how much time is added to breastfeeding by each associated factor. Methods A cohort of 969 mother-child dyads was followed-up for twelve months at the Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Spain, in 2018. Data on mother characteristics, pregnancy, delivery and children characteristics were obtained from medical records. Length of breastfeeding was reported by the mothers and recorded in paediatric medical record at hospital discharge and 2, 4, 6, 9 and 12 months of life. Factors associated with duration of breastfeeding were analysed via multivariate Weibull regression parameterized as accelerated time of failure. Results are presented as time ratios. Results About four out of five children were breastfed at hospital discharge, although this proportion dropped to 65% in children born from smoker women, 70% in preterm children and 68% in neonates weighting less than 2500 g. Mother’s age was associated with longer breastfeeding, adding 2% more breastfeeding time per year (adjusted time ratio 1.02; 95% confidence interval 1.00, 1.04). Children born from mothers with university studies were breastfed 53% more time than those born from mothers with primary studies (adjusted time ratio 1.53; 95% confidence interval 1.21, 1.95); smoking in pregnancy decreased length of breastfeeding by 41% (adjusted time ratio 0.59; 95% confidence interval 0.46, 0.76). Other factors associated with longer breastfeeding were single pregnancy and newborn weight over 2500 g. Conclusions Analysing factors associated with duration of breastfeeding as time parameters allows us to quantify the amount of time gained or lost by each factor, which could make it easier to evaluate the relevance of programmes directed to promote facilitating breastfeeding factors.

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“…In Moderate score, the infants from diabetic group were in a higher proportion in relation to HD; and in Severe, the tobacco group predominated above control ones. In fact, these adverse intrauterine environments caused by different gestational clinical conditions has already been related to BF, by reducing volume of milk produced and child response to breast milk in smoking [31,32], leading to less BF time in smoking, gestational DM [33] and HD [34], even as early introduction of CF, before four months of life [16]. However, relative to PF supply, studies are still scarce.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infant Processed Food Consumption and their Interaction to Breastfeeding and Growth in Children up to Six Months Old

Neves

Guimarães

Bosa

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Evidences suggest that early processed food consumption may cause harms to infant health. During the first six months of life, it is not known whether timing and quantity of this food group can impact in breastfeeding and growth. The aim was to analyze the interaction between infant processed food consumption and their relation to breastfeeding and infant growth up to six months old. Methods Longitudinal study with a sample of newborns in Porto Alegre, Brazil. Data were collected in six interviews, from birth to six months, in a sample of infants with adverse intrauterine environments. Processed food consumption was calculated by gravity score food (GSF) in relation to feeding supply quality and time. For the analysis, the scores were divided into tertiles, making scores severities: Null, Mild, Moderate and Severe. It was tested its interaction with breastfeeding (exclusive and nonexclusive) and growth (analyzed in Z-scores, by weight for height and body mass index for age). Results A total of 236 infants were included in the study. Greater GSF were associated with better rates of breastfeeding practices and higher growth indicators scores in the sixth month of infants. The adjusted analyzes for family income, maternal age and pre-gestational body mass index confirmed these findings. Conclusion The harms of eating processed foods are more evident the greater and earlier they are consumed, in relation to breastfeeding and infant growth. Future studies should explore interventions to reduce consumption of these foods to prevent adverse health outcomes in later life.

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Impact of Maternal Smoking on the Onset of Breastfeeding versus Formula Feeding: A Cross-Sectional Study

Cited by 18 publications

References 36 publications

Health Care Costs Associated to Type of Feeding in the First Year of Life

Health Care Costs Associated to Type of Feeding in the First Year of Life

Factors associated with duration of breastfeeding in Spain: a cohort study

Infant Processed Food Consumption and their Interaction to Breastfeeding and Growth in Children up to Six Months Old

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