Impact of maternal pre‐pregnancy overweight on infant overweight at 1 year of age: associations and sex‐specific differences

Bridgman, Sarah L.; Azad, Meghan B.; Persaud, Ryan R; Chari, Radha; Becker, Allan B.; Sears, Malcolm R.; Mandhane, Piushkumar J.; Turvey, Stuart E.; Subbarao, Padmaja; Haqq, Andrea M.; Kozyrskyj, Anita L.

doi:10.1111/ijpo.12291

Cited by 27 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In contrast, placenta from obese women with a male fetus contain increased amounts of carbonyls and nitrotyrosine, and as a potential compensatory mechanism, these placenta have elevations in glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase activity. The collective findings from this latter study reveal that the placenta of males derived from lean mothers possess the greatest antioxidant activity, but such protective responses are abolished with maternal obesity, which may account for later adverse outcomes in sons, in particular those born to obese mothers (Bridgman et al, 2018; Greene‐Cramer et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

The placenta‐brain‐axis

Rosenfeld

2020

J of Neuroscience Research

140

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All mammalian species depend on the placenta, a transient organ, for exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste between the mother and conceptus. Besides serving as a conduit for such exchanges, the placenta produces hormones and other factors that influence maternal physiology and fetal development. To meet all of these adaptations, the placenta has evolved to become the most structurally diverse organ within all mammalian taxa. However, commonalities exist as to how placental responses promote survival against in utero threats and can alter the trajectory of fetal development, in particular the brain. Increasing evidence suggests that reactions of the placenta to various in utero stressors may lead to long‐standing health outcomes, otherwise considered developmental origin of health and disease effects. Besides transferring nutrients and gases, the placenta produces neurotransmitters, including serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine/epinephrine, that may circulate and influence brain development. Neurobehavioral disorders, such as autism spectrum disorders, likely trace their origins back to placental disturbances. This intimate relationship between the placenta and brain has led to coinage of the term, the placenta‐brain‐axis. This axis will be the focus herein, including how conceptus sex might influence it, and technologies employed to parse out the effects of placental‐specific transcript expression changes on later neurobehavioral disorders. Ultimately, the placenta might provide a historical record of in utero threats the fetus confronted and a roadmap to understand how placenta responses to such encounters impacts the placental‐brain‐axis. Improved early diagnostic and preventative approaches may thereby be designed to mitigate such placental disruptions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

The placenta‐brain‐axis

Rosenfeld

2020

J of Neuroscience Research

140

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“…While the relationship between maternal weight status and BP in early postpartum has not been examined in relation to infant weight gain, the influence of maternal weight status before and during pregnancy—and the influence of maternal BP during pregnancy—have been examined separately in relation to infant weight gain. For example, studies have shown that maternal obesity before pregnancy presented a two to threefold increase in overweight risk at ages 12 and 24 months, while excessive maternal weight gain during pregnancy presented a fourfold increase in overweight risk at age 36 months . In one of the few studies to have examined maternal weight status after pregnancy, Robinson and colleagues found that greater maternal weight gain within 13 months postpartum was associated with increased odds of overweight at age 5 years .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mothers may influence infant weight gain through shared genetics, environments, and behaviours . Of note, maternal obesity has been examined in relation to infant obesity risk: Mothers who were classified as obese before pregnancy (body mass index [BMI] greater than or equal to 30 kg/m 2 ) were more likely to have a child classified as obese (BMI greater than 97th percentile) within 2 years of age . Furthermore, mothers with excessive weight gain during pregnancy were more likely to have a child classified as overweight (BMI greater than or equal to 95th percentile) at 3 years of age .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5,6 Of note, maternal obesity has been examined in relation to infant obesity risk: Mothers who were classified as obese before pregnancy (body mass index [BMI] greater than or equal to 30 kg/m 2 ) were more likely to have a child classified as obese (BMI greater than 97th percentile) within 2 years of age. 7,8 Furthermore, mothers with excessive weight gain during pregnancy were more likely to have a child classified as overweight (BMI greater than or equal to 95th percentile) at 3 years of age. 9 There is also evidence that higher maternal blood pressure (BP) may be related to infant obesity risk: Among normotensive and hypertensive women, higher maternal BP during gestation was associated with overweight status at ages 4 to 7 years.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Maternal blood pressure mediates the association between maternal obesity and infant weight gain in early postpartum

et al. 2019

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Summary Background It is unknown to what extent higher maternal blood pressure (BP) in early postpartum impacts the relationship between higher maternal weight status and greater infant weight gain in early postpartum. Objective To evaluate the mediating role of higher maternal BP at 1 month postpartum on the association between higher maternal weight status at 1 month postpartum and greater infant weight gain over 6 months postpartum. Methods Participants were 169 Hispanic mother‐infant pairs. Maternal body mass index (BMI) and BP were assessed at 1 month postpartum. Infant weight was measured at 1 and 6 months postpartum to calculate weight‐for‐age z scores (WAZ). Multiple linear regression models were used for prediction, and Sobel test was used to determine mediation. Results Controlling for maternal pre‐pregnancy BMI, age, delivery mode, infant sex, and infant birth weight revealed that both maternal BMI (β = .29) and BP (β = .32) predicted infant WAZ gain (both P ≤ .03). However, the relationship between infant WAZ gain and maternal BMI was no longer significant after further adjustment for maternal BP, which remained significant (P < .05). Maternal BP explained 23.6% (Sobel T = 2.01) of the association between maternal BMI at 1 month and infant WAZ gain over 6 months. Conclusion Our data suggest that higher maternal weight status at 1 month postpartum is related to greater infant weight gain over 6 months postpartum, and this relationship is mediated by higher maternal BP at 1 month postpartum.

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“…alimentação infantil, sobretudo pela maior relação com o preparo das refeições e escolha dos alimentos(VICARI, 2013;BARROS; SEYFFARTH, 2008).Apesar da atual reestruturação da rotina familiar especialmente pelo novo papel desempenhado pela mulher no mercado de trabalho, a mãe continua representando a principal provedora da alimentação da família(REICHEMBACH, 2004), sendo a mais predominante interlocutora envolvida na díade criança-ambiente (ENGSTRON; ANJOS, 1999). fatores podem interferir na saúde e qualidade de vida, sendo capazes de provocar impactos não apenas na infância, como também na idade adulta.O sobrepeso e a obesidade materna pré-gestacional foram associados com o aumento do risco de excesso de peso infantil no primeiro ano de vida(BRIDGMAN et al, 2018). Um estudo avaliou o curso do IMC dos dois aos seis anos de idade e notou valores mais elevados, bem como na trajetória de aumento, entre crianças de mães com excesso de peso no período anterior à gestação e nos filhos das que apresentaram ganho de peso gestacional acima do recomendado(WANG et al, 2019).…”

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Impacto do aleitamento materno exclusivo no sobrepeso e obesidade em filhos de mães com excesso de peso

Marques¹

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Rates of overweight and obesity have been increasing worldwide. Breastfeeding reduces the risk of developing overweight in childhood and adolescence; however, maternal obesity is associated with shorter breastfeeding time, intention to breastfeed for shorter periods, less propensity to start and early weaning. The main objective of this study was to verify the risk for the development of overweight in children of mothers with overweight and obesity between the first and third year of life according to the duration of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF). The present study is part of a birth cohort, composed of three stages of assessment: prenatal care (20 to 25 weeks of gestation), birth and follow-up (between the first and third years of life). The three stages of the study were completed by 1.069 mother-child pairs. Information on socioeconomic characteristics, anthropometric data of mothers and infants, type of delivery, birth weight, time of exposure to foods other than breast milk and duration of EBF were obtained. 58,1% of mothers and 7,5% of infants were overweight in the follow-up. The average duration of EBF was 3,7 months and the median was 4,0 months (SD = 2,25). Among the children of overweight mothers, there were no differences between the RR of the variables selected for overweight among infants who were in EBF for a longer period (≥ 4.0 months) when compared to those who were in EBF for shorter time. In the global analysis, without adjusting for maternal overweight, overweight and obese mothers had a relative risk (RR) of 1,54 (95% CI: 1,22-1,94) of having overweight children; after adjusting the maternal BMI and other variables, there were no differences between the RR for excess weight between children who were in EBF≥4,0 months and those who were for a shorter period. In this study, there were no differences between the risk of developing overweight in children of mothers with overweight and obesity according to the duration of EBF.

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Impact of maternal pre‐pregnancy overweight on infant overweight at 1 year of age: associations and sex‐specific differences

Abstract: Maternal pre-pregnancy OWOB increases the risk of infant overweight, and this association is more evident in male infants.

Cited by 27 publications

References 25 publications

The placenta‐brain‐axis

The placenta‐brain‐axis

Maternal blood pressure mediates the association between maternal obesity and infant weight gain in early postpartum

Impacto do aleitamento materno exclusivo no sobrepeso e obesidade em filhos de mães com excesso de peso

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