Impact of Maternal Allergy and Use of Probiotics during Pregnancy on Breast Milk Cytokines and Food Antibodies and Development of Allergy in Children until 5 Years

Kuitunen, Mikael; Kukkonen, Anna Kaarina; Savilahti, Erkki

doi:10.1159/000336157

Cited by 61 publications

(81 citation statements)

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“…Probiotics are defined as 'living micro-organisms which, upon ingestion in certain numbers, employ health advantage beyond inherent general nutrition' (Gorbach, 2002) and play a role in the deterrence or treatment of infectious diseases, namely, vaginal infections (Reid et al, 2009), allergies (Kuitunen et al, 2012), irritable bowel syndrome (Hoveyda et al, 2009), inflammatory bowel diseases (Damaskos & Kolios, 2008), chronically high cholesterol levels (Huang & Zheng, 2010), colitis (Resta-Lenert & Barrett, 2009) and colon cancer (Andersson et al, 2001;Liong, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotic assessment of Enterococcus durans 6HL and Lactococcus lactis 2HL isolated from vaginal microflora

Nami

Abdullah

Haghshenas

et al. 2014

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Forty-five lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from the vaginal specimens of healthy fertile women, and the identities of the bacteria were confirmed by sequencing of their 16S rDNA genes. Among these bacteria, only four isolates were able to resist and survive in low pH, bile salts and simulated in vitro digestion conditions. Lactococcus lactis 2HL, Enterococcus durans 6HL, Lactobacillus acidophilus 36YL and Lactobacillus plantarum 5BL showed the best resistance to these conditions. These strains were evaluated further to assess their ability to adhere to human intestinal Caco-2 cells. Lactococcus lactis 2HL and E. durans 6HL were the most adherent strains. In vitro tests under neutralized pH proved the antimicrobial activity of both strains. Results revealed that the growth of Escherichia coli O26, Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella flexneri was suppressed by both LAB strains. The antibiotic susceptibility tests showed that these strains were sensitive to all nine antibiotics: vancomycin, tetracycline, ampicillin, penicillin, gentamicin, erythromycin, clindamycin, sulfamethoxazole and chloramphenicol. These data suggest that E. durans 6HL and Lactococcus lactis 2HL could be examined further for their useful properties and could be developed as new probiotics. INTRODUCTIONThe concept of eating or using live bacteria for health benefits goes back a hundred years (Metchnikoff, 1907). Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are generally regarded as safe and constitute part of the probiotic concept, which has received significant attention over the past years (Metchnikoff, 1907;Salminen et al., 1998). Probiotics are live micro-organisms in the form of single or mixed cultures; when consumed at sufficient amounts, these probiotics provide beneficial health effects for hosts (Guarner et al., 2008;Lilly & Stillwell, 1965;Surawicz, 2003). Probiotics significantly affect the bioavailability of nutrients in the human body (Young & Huffman, 2003). These micro-organisms stimulate immune mechanisms and maintain normal human microbiota compositions; as a result, these micro-organisms reduce the risk of diarrhoea (Binns & Lee, 2010), antibiotic-related diarrhoea (Friedman, 2012), irritable bowel syndrome (Barouei et al., 2009;Parkes, 2010), inflammatory bowel disease (Geier et al., 2007;Gionchetti et al., 2002), vaginal infections (Reid & Bocking, 2003), atopic eczema (Bunselmeyer & Buddendick, 2010;Wickens et al., 2008), rheumatoid arthritis (Guarner et al., 2008) and cancers (Serban, 2014;Zhu et al., 2011). They are believed to be the dominant members of normal postpubertal and premenopausal vaginal microbiota (Nam et al., 2007). Clinical proof shows that the vaginal and urogenital floras play a dominant role in maintaining both protection from illnesses and the well-being of women (Burton et al., 2003 Liong, 2008).To obtain the ability to exert their probiotic effects, potential strains are expected to have desirable properties (Ouwehand et al., 1999; Zavisic et al., 2011). Probiotics have many selection criteria: human origin f...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotic assessment of Enterococcus durans 6HL and Lactococcus lactis 2HL isolated from vaginal microflora

Nami

Abdullah

Haghshenas

et al. 2014

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Section: Clinical Studiesmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…The children were followed until age 5 years and no difference in the cumulative incidence of food allergy sensitization (assessed by either a positive SPT or serum sIgE) could be found between active and placebo groups. Moreover, there were no differences on serum food-specific IgA, IgG1 or IgG4 concentrations among placebo and active groups at 2 years of age [84,85].It is important to note that while studies on the potential effect of maternal dietary supplement interventions with either vitamin D or PUFA are mainly observational, the studies on the effect of maternal supplementation with probiotics are randomized controlled trials. Although data point towards a lack of effect of probiotic maternal supplementation on childhood FA, when interpreting these studies, it has to be considered that the microorganisms used, doses, and durations of therapy are different.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

The Potential of Maternal Dietary Modification for Prevention of Food Allergy

Luengo¹,

Song²

2013

J Aller Ther

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Effective primary preventions strategies aimed at reducing the onset of IgE sensitization are urgently needed as the incidence of childhood food allergy keeps increasing.Studies eliminating food allergens during pregnancy have failed to show reduction in the prevalence of long-term IgE-mediated food allergy in children, and recent data provides direct evidence supporting early oral exposure as a means of preventing development of allergy. Since effects on early immune programming may be more significant in utero, there has been increasing interest in the potential protective role of maternal dietary modifications on the development of FA in offspring.In this article, we will review the current knowledge from animal and clinical studies on the role of maternal dietary modification, mainly through supplementation with vitamins, polyunsaturated fatty acids and probiotics, for the prevention of food allergy. Besides, the potential role of some promising FA treatments like Chinese herbal formula FAHF-2 for the primary prevention of FA in offspring will be reviewed. be due to uncontrolled environmental factors, timing of introduction to PN and different study protocols and populations, as well as undefined co-factors in maternal diet such as microbes [18][19][20]. In addition, retrospective maternal recall of dietary intake during pregnancy (and or lactation), sometimes months or years later, may contain recall bias. At present, the standard practice for PNA and other food allergies is strict allergen avoidance. There is no clinical study reporting whether peanut allergic mother consumption of controlled low doses of peanut that do not trigger clinical reactions would prevent offspring peanut or other food allergies. The Potential of Maternal Dietary Modification for Prevention of Food AllergyOlga Maternal allergenic food consumption for preventing food allergy in offspring: Animal studiesIn recent years several studies in animal models have provided direct evidence supporting early oral exposure as a means of preventing development of allergy.Melkild et al. [21] showed that intraperitoneal immunization of naïve mice with ovalbumin and adjuvant (Al(OH) 3 ) during pregnancy and lactation significantly reduced the specific IgE response and increased the IgG2a response in their offspring. Moreover, the IgE suppression was stronger if maternal allergen exposure was during early pregnancy (3 days into pregnancy) compared to a late pregnancy exposure (17 days into pregnancy). The same group reported that the protective effect of maternal immunization was affected by the type of adjuvant used: while offspring from mothers immunized with OVA and either pertussis toxin (PT) or Al(OH) 3 showed reduced levels of OVA-specific IgE and IgG1 and increased levels of OVA-specific IgG2a antibodies, maternal immunization with CpG and OVA did not affect antibody responses in offspring [22]. However, whether this effect is dependent on the specific adjuvant and/or the route of exposure employed has to be further investigated. Le...

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“…Many farm studies have demonstrated that child exposure to large numbers of microbes is linked to fewer allergic diseases at school age. The use of farm milk may independently protect against the development of allergies (Kuitunen et al, 2012).…”

Section: Probiotic Effects On Epigenetic Alterationsmentioning

confidence: 99%