Impact of mass chemotherapy for the control of filariasis on geohelminth infections in Sri Lanka

Silva, N. R. de; Pathmeswaran, A.; Fernando, Sumadhya Deepika; Weerasinghe, C.R.; Selvaratnam, R. R.; Padmasiri, E. A.; Montresor, Antonio

doi:10.1179/000349803235002407

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…For areas endemic for W. bancrofti there are an increasing number of studies which show the positive effect of filariasis control using MDA with DEC combined with alb on the reduction of intestinal helminths [8-11,38]. The results of the present study can extend this observation to areas endemic for Brugia infections.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…This approach has been shown to reduce microfilaraemia of W. bancrofti and B. malayi efficiently [5-7]. Studies in areas endemic for W. bancrofti also indicate that the treatment with DEC combined with alb has the additional long-term beneficial effect of reducing prevalence and intensity of infection with intestinal helminths such as Ascaris lumbricoides , hookworms and Trichuris trichiura [8-11]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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et al. 2005

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BackgroundAnnual mass drug administration (MDA) using diethylcarbamizine (DEC, 6 mg/kg) combined with albendazole (alb, 400 mg) is recommended by the Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (GPELF). This strategy has been shown to be efficient in the of control bancroftian filariasis, but data on brugian filariasis as well as on the positive side effects on intestinal helminths are lacking.MethodsThe effect of one selective treatment and two rounds of MDA using DEC and alb on the prevalence and intensity of Brugia timori infection were studied on Alor island using a cross-sectional and a cohort approach. Before the campaign and ten months after each treatment cycle microfilariae (mf) were assessed by filtration of night blood. Before and ten months after MDA, stool samples were collected and the prevalence of intestinal helminths were determined.ResultsIn all, the mf-rate dropped from 26.8% before any treatment to 3.8% following the second MDA. Almost all mf-positive, treated individuals showed very low mf densities. The crude prevalence of hookworm dropped from 25.3% to 5.9%. The reduction of prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides (32.3% to 27.6%) and Trichuris trichiura (9.4% to 8.9%) was less pronounced. Within a cohort of 226 individuals, which was examined annually, the prevalence of A. lumbricoides dropped from 43.8% to 26.5% and of T. trichiura from 12.8% to 6.6%. The results indicate that this MDA approach reduces not only the mf prevalence of B. timori but also the prevalence of hookworm and to a lesser extent also of A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura.ConclusionThe MDA using DEC and alb as recommended by GPELF is extremely effective for areas with brugian filariasis. The beneficial effect of MDA on intestinal helminths may strengthen the national programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis in Indonesia and may set resources free which are otherwise used for deworming campaigns of schoolchildren.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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et al. 2005

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“…In the Pacific Islands, as expected, the annual distribution of albendazole (in the context of the MDA for the PELF) has significantly lowered the prevalence of STH as in other countries using this anthelminthic combination [22]. In 2007, large-scale preventive chemotherapy with albendazole was conducted in Fiji, Solomon, Tuvalu, and Vanuatu in order to maintain the health gains obtained with the albendazole distributed during the PELF of previous years.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 76%

Large-Scale Preventive Chemotherapy for the Control of Helminth Infection in Western Pacific Countries: Six Years Later

Montresor¹,

Cong²,

Sinuon

et al. 2008

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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In 2001, Urbani and Palmer published a review of the epidemiological situation of helminthiases in the countries of the Western Pacific Region of the World Health Organization indicating the control needs in the region. Six years after this inspiring article, large-scale preventive chemotherapy for the control of helminthiasis has scaled up dramatically in the region. This paper analyzes the most recent published and unpublished country information on large-scale preventive chemotherapy and summarizes the progress made since 2000. Almost 39 million treatments were provided in 2006 in the region for the control of helminthiasis: nearly 14 million for the control of lymphatic filariasis, more than 22 million for the control of soil-transmitted helminthiasis, and over 2 million for the control of schistosomiasis. In general, control of these helminthiases is progressing well in the Mekong countries and Pacific Islands. In China, despite harboring the majority of the helminth infections of the region, the control activities have not reached the level of coverage of countries with much more limited financial resources. The control of food-borne trematodes is still limited, but pilot activities have been initiated in China, Lao People's Democratic Republic, and Vietnam.

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“…(2003) have also shown in a randomized, placebo‐controlled trial that DEC + ALB treatments produced a significant higher cure rate and ERR than DEC alone. Comparison of these reports with our data is difficult, as all including the field trial conducted in Sri Lanka (DeSilva et al. 2003), did not include a prospective evaluation of LF elimination programmes which use annual, single‐dose, two‐drug mass treatment for the communities where LF was endemic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Effectiveness of two annual, single‐dose mass drug administrations of diethylcarbamazine alone or in combination with albendazole on soil‐transmitted helminthiasis in filariasis elimination programme

Mani

Rajendran

Sunish

et al. 2004

Tropical Med Int Health

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SummaryA longitudinal community-trial on the control of soil-transmitted helminths (STHs), as part of a lymphatic filariasis elimination campaign, was taken up in two revenue blocks of southern India in the years 2001 and 2002 to assess the impact of two annual single-dose mass drug administration (MDA) of diethylcarbamazine (DEC) + albendazole (ALB) with that of DEC alone. The prevalences and intensities of STHs were studied among cross-sectional samples of school children aged 9-10 years by using the Kato-Katz technique at baseline and 11 months after each MDA. The combined drug mass treatment produced a higher reduction in the prevalence (RIP) (51-77%) and the egg reduction rate (ERR) (92-98%) compared with 12-15% RIP and 58-62% ERR of DEC alone mass treatment. The effect of two-drug therapy after two annual treatments was relatively long lasting as shown by RIP and ERR indicating that the reinfection rates were relatively lower in this approach than single-drug therapy. This study demonstrates that mass drug co-administration of DEC + ALB in Global Programme for Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis (GPELF) targeted at the community had a synergistic and sustainable effect against soil-transmitted helminthiasis and provided considerable 'beyond filariasis' benefits. The additional advantages accrued to the community underscore the importance of scaling-up GPELF to cover the entire population at risk.

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Impact of mass chemotherapy for the control of filariasis on geohelminth infections in Sri Lanka

Cited by 13 publications

References 2 publications

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Large-Scale Preventive Chemotherapy for the Control of Helminth Infection in Western Pacific Countries: Six Years Later

Effectiveness of two annual, single‐dose mass drug administrations of diethylcarbamazine alone or in combination with albendazole on soil‐transmitted helminthiasis in filariasis elimination programme

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