Impact of mash and crumble diets on intestinal amino acids transporters, intestinal morphology and pancreatic enzyme activity of broilers

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of mash and crumble pre-starter diets on pancreatic enzyme activity, intestinal morphology, gene expression of intestinal peptide and amino acid (AA) transporters of broilers. Broilers in battery cages were assigned to different feed forms of pre-starter diet from 1 to 10 days of age. Significantly increased body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI) and lowered FCR were observed in birds fed crumble pre-starter diet (CPD, p < 0.05). Feed forms had no effect on whole and small intestine length, but relative intestinal length and relative small intestinal length significantly increased in the broilers fed a mash pre-starter diet (MPD, p < 0.05). Feeding CPD increased the weight of pancreas (p < 0.05), but relative weight of the pancreas was not influenced by treatments. Pancreatic protease and amylase activities significantly increased in the broilers fed CPD (p < 0.05) but the activity of lipase was not influenced. Crypt depth (CD) and villus height (VH) were higher in broilers fed CPD (p < 0.05) but villus width (VW), villus surface area (VSA) and villus height-to-crypt depth ratio (VCR) were not influenced by treatments. mRNA levels for peptide transporter 1 (PepT1), Na -independent cationic AA transporter1 (CAT1), Na -independent cationic and Na -dependent neutral AA transporter 1 (y LAT1) and Na -dependent neutral AA transporter (B AT) were lower in birds fed CPD (p < 0.05). There were no differences in mRNA abundance of Na -independent cationic and zwitterionic AA transporter (b AT) among treatments. Overall, the present data showed that feeding crumble diet during first 10 days of age, through higher FI, enhanced intestinal histomorphology, increased digestive enzyme activity is beneficial to growth performance of broilers. Indeed, dietary form can be an important factor in the expression of jejunal transporters.

Effects of red-osier dogwood extracts on growth performance, intestinal digestive and absorptive functions, and meat quality of broiler chickens

“…To our knowledge, this study is the first published report of its kind evaluating plant extracts effects on nutrient transporters in broiler chickens under nonchallenge conditions; therefore, the mechanism of action is not clear. Previous studies have reported that the up-regulation of nutrient transporters is correlated to increased levels of circulating amino acids and improved amino acid digestibility (Osmanyan et al, 2018;Yu et al, 2017). Therefore, the observed improvement in digestive surface and amino acid digestibility (see discussions above) may have contributed to the upregulation of amino acid transporters in response to an increase in amino acid digestibility and concentration.…”

Potential Probiotics Role in Excluding Antibiotic Resistance

“…e increase in weight of pancreas, protease, and amylase activity significantly (P < 0.05) was described in the response to feeding crumble pre-starter diet (CPD), but the activity of lipase was not affected. Birds fed with CPD exhibited greater body weight gain (BWG) than birds fed mash pre-starter diet (MDP) at 10 days of age [167]. In contrast, the activity of pancreatic enzymes was described as decreasing the pelleting of broiler feed.…”

The effect of reducing dietary energy on performance, intestinal morphology and intestinal peptide and amino acid transporters in broiler chicks

“…Lysine and arginine are transported in the intestinal basolateral layer by the CAT1 transporter, whose gene expression is regulated by factors, including nutrient type and density, hormones and growth factors (He et al., 2013 ; Pineda et al., 2004 ; Wang et al., 2017 ). Intestinal amino acid and peptide transporters are regulated by various factors, including genetic improvement, age, intestinal development, medicinal agents, form of feed, pathological states and nutrient density (Chen et al., 2005 ; Gilbert et al., 2008 ; He et al., 2013 ; Mahdavi et al., 2018 ; Morales et al., 2017 ; Osmanyan et al., 2018 ). Earlier studies suggest that the mRNA abundance of intestinal amino acid and peptide transporters in animals is regulated through various mechanisms, such as adaptive regulation theory (Hatzoglou et al., 2004 ), amino acid sensory pathways and amino acid‐responsive element (Fafournoux et al., 2000 ), peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐α (PPARα; Shimakura et al., 2006 ), substrate supply to the intestine and intra‐enterocyte space (the 5´ upstream region of PepT1 contains substrate‐responsive elements; Chen et al., 2005 ; Mahdavi et al., 2018 ), increased mRNA stability and transcription rate (Adibi, 2003 ), plasma thyroxin (T4) levels and the state of intestinal villi (Mahdavi et al., 2018 ).…”