Impact of malaria morbidity on gross domestic product in Uganda

Orem, Juliet Nabyonga; Kirigia, Joses Muthuri; Azairwe, Robert; Ibrahim, Kamarulzaman; Walker, O

doi:10.1186/1755-7682-5-12

Cited by 36 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…With 1.18 (Burkina Faso [18]), 3.5 (Nigeria [19]), and 0.98 (Uganda [20]) malaria episodes per year per child and a private household cost savings per episode of USD $2.82 (Burkina Faso), USD $1.86 (Nigeria), and USD $3.04 (Uganda), the projected total mean household cost savings at district level per year were USD $29 965 for Mangodara (Burkina Faso), USD $254 268 for Ona-Ara (Nigeria), and USD $303 467 for Sheema and Kayunga (Uganda). …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…of malaria episodes per year, per child <5 y old a 1.183.500.98No. of children <5 y old b,c 900539 058101 862Mean household costs (USD) per episode (SD) d before intervention4.36 (10.3)3.90 (8.8)4.46 (8.7)Mean household costs (USD) per episode (SD) d during intervention1.54 (3.6)2.04 (6.6)1.42 (3.6)Savings per child (USD) per episode (SE) e 2.82 (0.6)1.86 (0.4)3.04 (0.5)Total mean savings (USD) per child and per year (SE) e 3.33 (0.7)6.51 (1.5)2.98 (0.5)Before intervention: total mean costs (USD) per year for malaria for the whole district46 329533 142445 218During intervention: total mean costs (USD) per year for malaria for the whole district16 364278 874141 751Total mean savings (USD) per year for malaria for the whole district29 965254 268303 467Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; SE, standard error; USD, US dollars. a References [18–20] b References [21–23]. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; SE, standard error; USD, US dollars. a References [18–20] b References [21–23]. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Improving Community-Based Access to Malaria Diagnosis and Treatment on Household Costs

et al. 2016

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Background. Community health workers (CHWs) were trained in Burkina Faso, Nigeria, and Uganda to diagnose febrile children using malaria rapid diagnostic tests, and treat positive malaria cases with artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) and those who could not take oral medicines with rectal artesunate. We quantified the impact of this intervention on private household costs for childhood febrile illness.Methods. Households with recent febrile illness in a young child in previous 2 weeks were selected randomly before and during the intervention and data obtained on household costs for the illness episode. Household costs included consultation fees, registration costs, user fees, diagnosis, bed, drugs, food, and transport costs. Private household costs per episode before and during the intervention were compared. The intervention's impact on household costs per episode was calculated and projected to districtwide impacts on household costs.Results. Use of CHWs increased from 35% of illness episodes before the intervention to 50% during the intervention (P < .0001), and total household costs per episode decreased significantly in each country: from US Dollars (USD) $4.36 to USD $1.54 in Burkina Faso, from USD $3.90 to USD $2.04 in Nigeria, and from USD $4.46 to USD $1.42 in Uganda (all P < .0001). There was no difference in the time used by the child's caregiver to care for a sick child (59% before intervention vs 51% during intervention spent ≤2 days). Using the most recent population figures for each study district, we estimate that the intervention could save households a total of USD $29 965, USD $254 268, and USD $303 467, respectively, in the study districts in Burkina Faso, Nigeria, and Uganda.Conclusions. Improving access to malaria diagnostics and treatments in malaria-endemic areas substantially reduces private household costs. The key challenge is to develop and strengthen community human resources to deliver the intervention, and ensure adequate supplies of commodities and supervision. We demonstrate feasibility and benefit to populations living in difficult circumstances.Clinical Trials Registration. ISRCTN13858170.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Improving Community-Based Access to Malaria Diagnosis and Treatment on Household Costs

et al. 2016

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“…A separate study conducted in Uganda to determine the economic loss due to malaria showed that the economic burden of malaria reduced the Gross Domestic Product of Ugandans [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Descriptive Study of the Knowledge-Base of Malaria between the Visually-impaired and the Non-Visually impaired in Two Primary Schools in Lagos, Nigeria; implications for health education.

Obilade

2015

Int Arch Med

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“…Okorosobo et al [12] used a combination of methods to estimate the economic burden of malaria in five AFR countries. Orem et al [13] used production function approach to estimate the impact of malaria morbidity on GDP in Uganda. Kirigia et al [14] used COI approach to estimate the indirect cost of maternal deaths in AFR.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Haemorrhage of gross domestic product from disability-adjusted-life-years among 15-59 year olds in Kenya

Kirigia

Mwabu

2018

int arch med

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Background: This article estimates non-health gross domestic product (GDP) losses associated with Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY) lost among 15-59 year olds (most productive age bracket) in Kenya in 2015.Methods: This study employs the lost output or human capital approach (HCA) to convert the DALYs lost from all causes into their monetary equivalents. The magnitude economic haemorrhage from each disease was obtained by multiplying the per capita non-health GDP in International Dollars by the total number of DALYs lost in a specific age group (15-29 years, 30-49 years, 50-59 years). Per capita non-health GDP equals per capita GDP minus total health expenditure in 2015. Data on DALYs and per capita total health expenditure were obtained from the World Health Organization and per capita GDP data was from IMF databases.Results: Kenya lost 9,405,184 DALYs among 15-59 years olds in 2015.That DALY loss caused a haemorrhage in GDP of Int$ 29,788,392,419. Approximately 48.6% of the GDP haemorrhage resulted from communicable diseases and nutritional conditions, 37.4% from non-communicable diseases, and 14.0% from injuries. Conclusion:There is need to augment domestic and external investments into national health systems and other systems that meet basic needs (education, food, water, sanitation, shelter) to reduce disease burden. In the same year the country lost a total of 21,854,898 Disability-Adjusted-Life-Years (DALYs) from all causes. Out of that total DALY loss, 59% were from communicable, maternal, perinatal and nutritional conditions; 30% from non-communicable diseases (NCDs); and 11% from intentional and unintentional injuries. About 54% and 46% the total DALYs lost occurred in male and female gender respectively. Haemorrhage of Gross DomesticThe total DALYs losses were distributed unevenly across various age groups: 33.2% among 0-4 year-old; 13.6% among 5-14 year-old; 18.5% among 15-29 year-old; 18.8% among 30-49 yearold; 5.7% among 50-59 year-old; 5.1% among 60-69 year-old; and 5.1% among those aged 70 years and above [1]. Thus, 43% of the depletion in health or human capital was sustained by the most economically and socially productive age bracket of 15-59 years. The current study focuses on this age bracket.The large loss in DALYs has been attributed to weaknesses in national and local health systems responsible for providing quality health services [2,3]; systems that assure access to other basic needs (food, water, sanitation, education, clothing, shelter) or social determinants of health [4,5]; and national health research system that produces knowledge and facilitates its use in development of discoveries and innovations aimed at addressing health and socioeconomic needs [6,7].Various studies have attempted to estimate the productivity losses attributable to premature mortality from one or a group of disasters, diseases and health conditions in the WHO African Region (AFR). A study conducted in 2004 used regression modelling to estimate the impact of disaster-related mortality on gross d...

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Impact of malaria morbidity on gross domestic product in Uganda

Cited by 36 publications

References 12 publications

Impact of Improving Community-Based Access to Malaria Diagnosis and Treatment on Household Costs

Impact of Improving Community-Based Access to Malaria Diagnosis and Treatment on Household Costs

A Descriptive Study of the Knowledge-Base of Malaria between the Visually-impaired and the Non-Visually impaired in Two Primary Schools in Lagos, Nigeria; implications for health education.

Haemorrhage of gross domestic product from disability-adjusted-life-years among 15-59 year olds in Kenya

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