Impact of Lower Launch Cost on Space Life Support

Jones, Harry W.

doi:10.2514/6.2018-5286

Cited by 36 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Elder Furthark55 rune f *fehu meaning "cattle", used here to imply "cargo"2 Elder Furthark rune b *berkanan meaning "tree", used here to imply "autonomy"3 Elder Furthark rune m *mannaz meaning "man", used here to imply "crewed"4/11 Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 18 January 2021 doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0363.v1…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Extension of Equivalent System Mass for Human Exploration Missions on Mars

Berliner¹,

Makrygiorgos²,

Hill³

2021

Preprint

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NASA mission systems proposals are often compared using an equivalent system mass (ESM) framework wherein all elements of technology to deliver an effect- its components, operations and logistics of delivery- are converted to effective masses since this has a known cost scale in space operations. To date, ESM methods and the tools for system comparison have not considered complexities wherein systems that serve a mission span multiple transit and operations stages, such as would be required to support a crewed mission to Mars, and thus do not account for the different mass equivalency factors operational during each period and the inter-dependencies of the costs across the mission. Further, ESM does not account well for the differential reliabilities of the underlying technologies. Less reliability should incur an equivalent mass cost for technologies that might otherwise provide a mass advantage. We introduce an extensions to ESM to address these limitations and show that it provides a direct method for analyzing, optimizing and comparing different mission systems. We demonstrate our extended ESM (xESM) calculation with crop production technologies -- an aspect of the developing offworld biomanufacturing suite -- since it represents a case with strong coupling among stages of the mission and a relatively high-risk profile.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Extension of Equivalent System Mass for Human Exploration Missions on Mars

Berliner¹,

Makrygiorgos²,

Hill³

2021

Preprint

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“…90 And in order to save costs, engineers then try to minimize the weight of the payload as much as possible. 91 Previously, NASA has experimented with an inflatable capsule, relying on internal brackets that can be modified into any structure. In addition, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory has invented a three-in-one function for the foldable metal weaved material, which will further enhance the efficiency of space transportation.…”

Section: Aerospacementioning

confidence: 99%

Review on development and application of 4D-printing technology in smart textiles

2023

Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics

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4D printed products can change shape under external stimulation, and the deformation design of material and structure is directly built into the material, which simplifies the manufacturing process from design concept to physical object and allows the object to be automatically assembled and conformed, realizing the integration of product design, manufacturing, and assembly. In recent years, 4D printing technology has also received widespread attention in the smart textile industry. This paper aims to promote the diversified and efficient development of the smart textile industry and expand the scope of the application of additive manufacturing technology. First, the evolution of 4D printing and its intrinsic relationship with 3D printing are examined. Then, the types of 4D printing smart textile technologies and their characteristics are presented, and the influence of relevant parameters of each type of technology on the molding quality, deformation mechanism, and driving performance of printed models is discussed. Materials for 4D printing of smart textiles are further described, including shape memory materials, hydrogels, and elastic liquid crystals. To adapt to the specific properties of textile applications, 4D printing technology has developed from the structural level of textiles to create smart textiles with adjustable shapes, properties, or functions. Then, the applications of 4D printed smart textiles in different fields are summarized. Finally, some problems currently faced by 4D printed smart textiles are discussed, and their prospects are projected.

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“…These passive bulk shielding solutions have inherent mass problems for use in spacecraft design where the cost for mass to orbit is high, although the new space sector is bringing down the cost to orbit with partially and fully reusable spacecraft, such as Rocket Lab's Electron and SpaceX's Falcon 9 and Starship rockets. 14 This does not solve the passive shielding problem due to the nature of space radiation. The radiation sources are omnidirectional and vary in particle composition and energy.…”

Section: Passive Shielding Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of impurities in shielding material on simulations of instrument background in space

Hubbard

Hall

Hetherington

et al. 2023

J. Astron. Telesc. Instrum. Syst.

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A major source of background for x-ray focal plane detectors in space instrumentation aboard missions, such as Extended Roentgen Survey with an Imaging Telescope Array and Athena Wide Field Imager, is the space radiation environment. High-energy radiations from the environment interact with the spacecraft structure leading to large productions of secondary particles with energies that are detectable in the science region of interest for instrumentation. Reducing the background from these events is vital for the success of many missions. Graded-Z shielding is a common solution to help reduce the instrument background. Layers of materials with decreasing atomic numbers near detectors help reduce the background. Much of the design is determined through iterative simulations to find an optimal solution that meets the requirements for the scientific operation of the instrument. Recent results have indicated an underestimate in the instrument background from the simulations. One hypothesis has been that the simulations do not typically include the impurities in the shielding materials. The work presented investigates the association of impurities in the graded-Z materials and the instrument background spectra. Typically, impurities are not included in material definitions as they can significantly increase computational time. The impurities, percentage loading, and distribution have all been explored and evaluated for an Al-Mo-Be graded-Z shield.

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Impact of Lower Launch Cost on Space Life Support

Cited by 36 publications

References 5 publications

Extension of Equivalent System Mass for Human Exploration Missions on Mars

Extension of Equivalent System Mass for Human Exploration Missions on Mars

Review on development and application of 4D-printing technology in smart textiles

Impact of impurities in shielding material on simulations of instrument background in space

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