Impact of long-term moderate hypercapnia and elevated temperature on the energy budget of isolated gills of Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua )

Kreiss, Cornelia M.; Michael, Katharina; Bock, Christian; Lucassen, Magnus; Pörtner, Hans‐Otto

doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2014.12.019

Cited by 17 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…They were cleared from blood by use of a syringe flushing the efferent blood vessel with saline containing heparin (5000 U/l). The preparation of isolated gill arches was conducted according to Kreiss et al 2015 . Gill arches were suspended by their perfusion tubing attached to the chamber lid, while a magnetic stir bar within the chamber ensured constant mixing of the respiratory medium.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An upregulation of this important transport protein, determined via analyses of activity in isolated gills or of enzyme capacity in crude gill homogenates in cod, notothenioids, and eelpout gills was observed under CO 2 concentrations of >6000 µatm; ranging from acute exposure to up to 1 year of acclimation (Deigweiher et al 2008 ; Melzner et al 2009 ; Deigweiher et al 2010 ). In contrast, cod acclimated long term to moderately elevated P CO 2 (2500 µatm) revealed reduced branchial energy turnover in vivo at unchanged in vitro Na + /K + -ATPase capacity (Kreiss et al 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ocean warming and acidification modulate energy budget and gill ion regulatory mechanisms in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)

et al. 2015

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Ocean warming and acidification are threatening marine ecosystems. In marine animals, acidification is thought to enhance ion regulatory costs and thereby baseline energy demand, while elevated temperature also increases baseline metabolic rate. Here we investigated standard metabolic rates (SMR) and plasma parameters of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) after 3–4 weeks of exposure to ambient and future PCO2 levels (550, 1200 and 2200 µatm) and at two temperatures (10, 18 °C). In vivo branchial ion regulatory costs were studied in isolated, perfused gill preparations. Animals reared at 18 °C responded to increasing CO2 by elevating SMR, in contrast to specimens at 10 °C. Isolated gills at 10 °C and elevated PCO2 (≥1200 µatm) displayed increased soft tissue mass, in parallel to increased gill oxygen demand, indicating an increased fraction of gill in whole animal energy budget. Altered gill size was not found at 18 °C, where a shift in the use of ion regulation mechanisms occurred towards enhanced Na+/H+-exchange and HCO3− transport at high PCO2 (2200 µatm), paralleled by higher Na+/K+-ATPase activities. This shift did not affect total gill energy consumption leaving whole animal energy budget unaffected. Higher Na+/K+-ATPase activities in the warmth might have compensated for enhanced branchial permeability and led to reduced plasma Na+ and/or Cl− concentrations and slightly lowered osmolalities seen at 18 °C and 550 or 2200 µatm PCO2 in vivo. Overall, the gill as a key ion regulation organ seems to be highly effective in supporting the resilience of cod to effects of ocean warming and acidification.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocean warming and acidification modulate energy budget and gill ion regulatory mechanisms in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)

et al. 2015

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“…Hypercarbia at 10 • C resulted in an increase in gill tissue mass of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), but not at 18 • C [41]. The increase in size can be attributed to the response of fish to rapidly eliminate high CO 2 concentrations [42]. Co-occurring acidification (CO 2 + Hg) decreased the accumulation of Hg in Argyrosomus regius and decreased the activity of oxidative stress markers i.e.…”

Section: Carbon Dioxidementioning

confidence: 99%

Mucosal Barrier Functions of Fish under Changing Environmental Conditions

Cabillon¹,

Lazado

2019

Fishes

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The skin, gills, and gut are the most extensively studied mucosal organs in fish. These mucosal structures provide the intimate interface between the internal and external milieus and serve as the indispensable first line of defense. They have highly diverse physiological functions. Their role in defense can be highlighted in three shared similarities: their microanatomical structures that serve as the physical barrier and hold the immune cells and the effector molecules; the mucus layer, also a physical barrier, contains an array of potent bioactive molecules; and the resident microbiota. Mucosal surfaces are responsive and plastic to the different changes in the aquatic environment. The direct interaction of the mucosa with the environment offers some important information on both the physiological status of the host and the conditions of the aquatic environment. Increasing attention has been directed to these features in the last year, particularly on how to improve the overall health of the fish through manipulation of mucosal functions and on how the changes in the mucosa, in response to varying environmental factors, can be harnessed to improve husbandry. In this short review, we highlight the current knowledge on how mucosal surfaces respond to various environmental factors relevant to aquaculture and how they may be exploited in fostering sustainable fish farming practices, especially in controlled aquaculture environments.

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“…The body of studies looking into the 75 effect of the changing environment on marine ectothermic organisms is growing rapidly. However, 76 only a small part of these studies have investigated the effects of ocean acidification (OA) and the 77 combined effects of ocean acidification and warming (OAW) on fish, with contrasting results 78 between species as well as life stages (Kreiss, et al, 2015;Heuer & Grosell, 2014;Pope, et al, 2014;79 Bignami, et al, 2013;Frommel, et al, 2011). More investigation on a variety of fish species, on 80 different life stages and under ecologically relevant PCO 2 concentrations appears necessary (Pope, et 81 al., 2014).…”

Section: Introduction 67mentioning

confidence: 99%

Future ocean warming may prove beneficial for the northern population of European seabass, but ocean acidification does not

Howald

Cominassi

LeBayon

et al. 2019

Preprint

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statement: Mitochondria of juvenile European sea bass hearts are impaired by acute 17 warming, but seem to benefit from acclimation to warmer temperatures, they are only marginally 18 impacted by ocean acidification. 19 20 CII -Complex II of the electron transport system 48 CIV -Complex IV of the electron transport system 49 dph -Days post hatch 50 IPCC -Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 51 Leak-CI -State 4 respiration of complex I 52 MS-222 -Tricaine methane sulfonate 53 OA -Ocean acidification 54 OAW -Ocean acidification and warming 55 OW -Ocean warming 56 OXPHOS -Full state 3 respiration of the electron transport system 57 OXPHOS-CI -State 3 respiration of complex I 58 OXPHOS-CII -State 3 respiration of complex II 59 OXPHOS-cytC -State 3 respiration after addition of cytochrome c 60 PCO 2 -Partial pressure of CO 2 61 RCP -Representative concentration pathway 62 RCR o -Respiratory control ratio 63 State 4 o -State 4 respiration after addition of oligomycin 64 W -Warm life conditioned group 65 66 the other hand, compensational processes after long-term and developmental thermal acclimation 130 could include changes in mitochondrial membrane properties, which would reduce leak respiration 131rates and consequently restore RCR. Additionally, we wanted to fathom the capacities of seabass 132 mitochondria to cope with OA, especially when combined with OW. We hypothesized that the 133 changes in intracellular PCO 2 and bicarbonate concentration elicited by OA would affect 134 mitochondrial metabolism, putting further pressure on the cellular energy metabolism. 135 136 157 conditions were applied directly after division into the experimental tanks. Starting at 7 dph (mouth 158 opening), larvae were fed with live artemia, hatched from High HUFA Premium artemia cysts (Catvis, 159 AE 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands). Until 33 dph the artemia were fed to the larvae 24h after rearing 160 cysts in sea water, afterwards the artemia nauplii themselves were fed with cod liver oil and dry 161 yeast after 24 h and fed to the larvae after 48 h. The artemia were transferred to the larval rearing 162 tanks from two storage tanks (one for each temperature) with peristaltic pumps, their concentration 163 in the tanks was maintained high during the day, to allow ad libitum feeding, excess artemia left the 164 tank via the waste water outflow. The 15 h photoperiod in the larval rearing room lasted from 7 am Materials and Methods

show abstract

Impact of long-term moderate hypercapnia and elevated temperature on the energy budget of isolated gills of Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua )

Cited by 17 publications

References 70 publications

Ocean warming and acidification modulate energy budget and gill ion regulatory mechanisms in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)

Ocean warming and acidification modulate energy budget and gill ion regulatory mechanisms in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)

Mucosal Barrier Functions of Fish under Changing Environmental Conditions

Future ocean warming may prove beneficial for the northern population of European seabass, but ocean acidification does not

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