“…Among this “tomato-celery-tomato” system, organic fertilizers significantly increased the vegetable yield according to ANOVA test. This may because organic fertilizer application can increase soil organic matter and then increase yields 26,27 .Figure 1Effect of different organic fertilizers on vegetable yield. Mean differences in the bars are significant at P 0.05 level with different letters.…”
The effect of chicken manure after different disposal methods (water-logged composting, GOF; anaerobic digestion, BR; thermophilic composting, ROF) on vegetable growth and environmental risk was investigated under the tomato-celery-tomato field. Results showed that organic fertilizers significantly increased vegetable yield and quality, but with inappropriate application may cause serious environmental risk such as nitrate pollution. Maximum vegetable yield of 80.9, 68.3, 112.7 t·ha−1 (first, second and third rotation crop, respectively) with best vegetable quality was obtained in ROF treatment. The highest N use efficiency with the least nitrate enrichment in soil was also found in ROF treatment. Moreover, under this fertilization way, nitrate concentration in soil leachate dropped to 6.4 mg·L−1, which satisfied the threshold (<10 mg·L−1) for drinking water set by the US Environmental Protection Agency. Thus, ROF was suggested to be the optimal fertilizer with the best yield, quality and the least environmental risk under the “tomato-celery” rotation system.
“…Among this “tomato-celery-tomato” system, organic fertilizers significantly increased the vegetable yield according to ANOVA test. This may because organic fertilizer application can increase soil organic matter and then increase yields 26,27 .Figure 1Effect of different organic fertilizers on vegetable yield. Mean differences in the bars are significant at P 0.05 level with different letters.…”
The effect of chicken manure after different disposal methods (water-logged composting, GOF; anaerobic digestion, BR; thermophilic composting, ROF) on vegetable growth and environmental risk was investigated under the tomato-celery-tomato field. Results showed that organic fertilizers significantly increased vegetable yield and quality, but with inappropriate application may cause serious environmental risk such as nitrate pollution. Maximum vegetable yield of 80.9, 68.3, 112.7 t·ha−1 (first, second and third rotation crop, respectively) with best vegetable quality was obtained in ROF treatment. The highest N use efficiency with the least nitrate enrichment in soil was also found in ROF treatment. Moreover, under this fertilization way, nitrate concentration in soil leachate dropped to 6.4 mg·L−1, which satisfied the threshold (<10 mg·L−1) for drinking water set by the US Environmental Protection Agency. Thus, ROF was suggested to be the optimal fertilizer with the best yield, quality and the least environmental risk under the “tomato-celery” rotation system.
“…Hai et al [19] reported that farmland manure alone and its combination with NPK in the wheat-corn production system characterized by straw removal and conventional tillage in semiarid and arid regions increased the mean TOC concentration by 43% compared to that in CK plots where farmland manure was absent. Ding et al [22] found that a Mollisol amended with mineral fertilizers plus pig manure (NPKM) contained a 7% higher TOC concentration than that under NPK treatment at the 0 -15 cm depth after 21 years of application. Research of a Vertisol of central India showed that the SOC content in 100% NPK + farmyard manure (FYM) treatments increased by 56.3% over the initial level [23].Other long-term experiments conducted elsewhere revealed similar effects of organic amendment on TOC concentration [24] [25].…”
Mineral fertilizers and organic amendment can affect the various soil organic matter (SOM) pools and the distribution of organic carbon (OC) and nitrogen (N) in these pools. It is unknown how OC and N are distributed in different SOM pools under different long-term fertilization regimes. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effects on OC and N concentrations in various SOM pools after 33 years of application of chemical fertilizer and organic amendment in Anhui Province in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, eastern China. This long-term experiment consisted of five fertilization treatments measuring changes in the OC and N concentrations in the soils and different SOM fractions of each experiment plot. Organic amendment increased the OC and N concentrations in the mineral-associated fraction, the coarse mineral-associated fraction and the aggregates compared with the values obtained without fertilizer application. Mineral fertilizer application alone increased the abovementioned indexes, but this increase was small. There was a small but significant increase in the OC and N concentrations in the free particulate fraction, and the change in magnitude had no obvious effect on the total OC (TOC) and total N (TN) concentrations in soils. More than 80% of the water-stable aggregate-associated C was stored in macroaggregates >2 mm in size. More than 60% of the TOC and TN accumulated within mineral associations in the soil, and organic amendment increased this proportion to 80%. These results suggest that the OC in Vertisols is dominated by mineral-associated OC and that the effect of organic amendment on mineral-associated OC is obvious.
“…Effect of various long-term treatments was significant on N tot and N min and they were found significantly higher in T 4 and at lowest levels in T 5 . Increase in SOC due to continuous cropping with the input of inorganic fertilizers and manures has been reported by Ding et al (2014). During maize, average and total CO 2 flux have higher significant (P < 0.01) correlation with SOC and N tot as compared to C tot and N min (Table 3).…”
mentioning
confidence: 62%
“…Application of fertilizers, along with tillage and crop residue management practices, influence emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) from agricultural soils (Adviento-Borbe et al 2010, Mbonimpa et al 2015, Dhadli et al 2016. Further, cropping systems can influence CO 2 emission by affecting the quality and quantity of C returned to the soil as root biomass or as straw incorporation or mulching (Mapanda et al 2011, Gong et al 2012, Ding et al 2014). Additionally, due to variations in management practices in different cropping systems, soil temperature and water content which directly control CO 2 emission are also influenced (Peng et al 2011, Allaire et al 2012, Zhang et al 2013, Dhadli et al 2015.…”
Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) fluxes from agricultural soils have been considered as one of the important environmental impact issue, due to their role in global warming and also its mitigation by carbon (C) sequestration in soils. Substantial scope of C sequestration with the application of inorganic fertilizers and manures has been reported, but the long-term effects of continuous application need to be critically examined. To study the effect of continuous differential application of NPK fertilizers and farmyard manure (FYM) in maize-wheat cropping system, CO 2 fluxes were measured via closed chambers and gas chromatography in a long-term experiment in progress for the past 42 years. The average daily CO 2 fluxes differed significantly amongst various treatments and were 55, 26 and 92% higher in NPK, N and NPK + FYM treatments over the control in the maize crop season and 43, 8 and 83% in the wheat crop season. Highly significant correlation of CO 2 emissions was found with soil organic carbon and total nitrogen in the maize and the wheat crop seasons. Although, CO 2 emissions were higher from long-term inorganic fertilizers and FYM treatments, still they are environmentally sustainable management practices, as they increased soil fertility and crop yields which consequently resulted in higher atmospheric CO 2 capture by plants and carbon sequestration in soils.
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