Impact of long‐lasting spontaneous physical activity on bone morphogenetic protein 4 in the heart and tibia in murine model of heart failure

Abstract

Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) plays an important role in bone remodeling and in heart failure pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of spontaneous physical activity on the expression of BMP4 in the heart and tibia of the transgenic (Tgαq*44) mice, representing a model of chronic heart failure. Tgαq*44 and wild-type FVB mice (WT) were randomly assigned either to sedentary or to trained groups undergoing 8 weeks of spontaneous wheel running. The BMP4 protein expression in heart and tibiae was evaluated using Western immunoblotting and the phosphorus and calcium in the tibiae was assessed using the X-ray microanalysis.BMP4 content in the hearts of the Tgαq*44-sedentary mice was by ~490% higher than in the WT-sedentary mice, whereas in tibiae the BMP4 content of the Tgαq*44sedentary mice was similar to that in the WT-sedentary animals. Tgαq*44 mice revealed by ~28% poorer spontaneous physical activity than the WT mice. No effect of performed physical activity on the BMP4 content in the hearts of either in the Tgαq*44 or WT mice was observed. However, 8-week spontaneous wheel running resulted in a decrease in the BMP4 expression in tibiae (by ~43%) in the group of Tgαq*44 mice only, with no changes in their bone phosphorus and calcium contents.We have concluded that prolonged period of spontaneous physical exercise does not increase the risk of the progression of the BMP4-mediated pathological cardiac hypertrophy and does not affect bone mineral status in the chronic heart failure mice. K E Y W O R D SBMP4, heart failure, physical activity

Nitrite Concentration in the Striated Muscles Is Reversely Related to Myoglobin and Mitochondrial Proteins Content in Rats

“…Gene Tools Syngene analysis software was used for densitometric analysis. The optical density values obtained for proteins detected in the heart and in the skeletal muscle samples (myoglobin, ETC proteins, SOD2) were normalized to the internal standard and then to the protein content detected at ~40 kDa using Ponceau S staining ( Supplementary Figure S3B ), as described previously [ 67 ]. The results of our WB analysis showing the muscle-type dependent distribution of myoglobin ( Supplementary Figure S1A ) and mitochondrial proteins ( Supplementary Figure S1C ) are in accordance with previous results (for review see [ 58 ]) showing higher myoglobin and mitochondrial protein content in oxidative muscles (heart, soleus, MGS) when compared to glycolytic muscle (MGF).…”

Exercise Training Decreases Nitrite Concentration in the Heart and Locomotory Muscles of Rats Without Changing the Muscle Nitrate Content

“…Protein analysis in the muscle samples was performed as described previously. 9 , 30 In short, striated muscle–derived protein extracts were separated using 4% to 20% gradient gels (Mini‐PROTEAN TGX gels; BioRad Laboratories, Hercules, CA). Equal amounts of total protein were loaded on gels.…”

“…The optical density values obtained for proteins detected in the heart and in the skeletal muscle samples were normalized to the internal standard and then to the protein content using Ponceau S staining. 9 , 30 …”