Impact of lockdown on self-care management among patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus residing in Lucknow city, India – A cross-sectional study

Tiwari, Ajoy; Kumar, Dinesh; Ansari, M. Sib; Chaubey, Santosh Kumar; Gupta, Nitin; Agarwal, Vivek; Chandra, Kumar Prafull; Pande, A. K.; Awasthi, Rajiv; Gupta, Mukulesh; Chowdhary, Sandeep

doi:10.1016/j.cegh.2021.100703

Cited by 13 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Increase in medication adherence among participants trying to maintain good glycemic control during the pandemic was reported in 27% (4/15) [ 18 , 19 , 23 , 24 ] of the studies. Participants had difficulties in sourcing medication due to supply shortages in 53% (8/15) of these studies [ 20 - 22 , 25 , 27 , 29 , 30 , 32 ], with people in rural areas faring worse [ 29 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In one study, the participants reported lower levels of medication adherence due to store closures, fears of contracting the virus if they went outside, and difficulties in purchasing caused by financial constraints due to job losses [ 30 ]. A few studies [ 25 , 28 , 32 ] reported on difficulties in obtaining prescription renewals among participants due to cancellation of physical consultations, and telehealth was used for prescription renewals.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A total of 14 studies reported on dietary habits during the pandemic [ 18 - 20 , 24 , 27 , 29 , 30 , 33 , 35 , 37 , 38 , 41 , 45 , 46 ], and 50% (7/14) of these studies [ 19 , 20 , 33 , 37 , 38 , 41 , 46 ] reported improved diet management among their participants. Reasons were of increased time availability, with more meals being prepared at home and lockdown restrictions limiting takeaway consumptions among participants.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Self-care Behaviors and Technology Used During COVID-19: Systematic Review

Sakur¹,

Ward²,

Khatri³

et al. 2022

JMIR Hum Factors

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Background Self-care behaviors are essential for people living with chronic conditions; however, the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has imposed additional complications on their daily routines. Few studies have analyzed how self-care behaviors have changed during COVID-19 and the role of digital technology, especially among people with chronic conditions. Objective This study aims to review how self-care behaviors have changed for people with chronic conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic, and what technology they have adopted to manage their conditions during that period. Methods A systematic review was conducted using narrative synthesis. Data were extracted from PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Google Scholar, including articles from December 2019 onward. Eligible studies focused on adults diagnosed with chronic conditions undertaking any self-care tasks in line with the middle-range theory of self-care of chronic illness (ie, self-care maintenance, monitoring, and management). The methodological quality of the included articles was assessed with the McMaster Critical Review Forms for Quantitative or Qualitative Studies. Results In total, 36 primary research articles were included. Changes to self-care behaviors during COVID-19 among people with chronic conditions were organized according to the middle-range theory of self-care of chronic illness focusing on self-care maintenance (ie, medication adherence, physical activity, and diet control), self-care monitoring (ie, monitoring signs and symptoms), and self-care management (ie, consultations with health care providers). Positive self-care behaviors observed include the following: individuals trying to maintain good glycemic control during COVID-19 increased their medication adherence in 27% (10/36) of studies; and diet control improved in 50% (18/36) of studies. Negative self-care behaviors observed include the following: decline in physical activities and increased sedentariness were observed in 65% (23/36) of studies; poor diet control was observed in 57% (21/36) of studies; and self-monitoring of health status dropped in 43% (15/36) of studies. The use of technology to support self-care of chronic conditions during COVID-19 was reported in 72% (26/36) of studies. The actual use of telehealth in place of physical consultations during COVID-19 was observed in 50% (18/36) of studies, and other digital technologies (eg, social media apps, smartphone apps, web-based platforms, and web browsing) were used in 50% (18/36) of studies. Telehealth was discussed and recommended as the default technology in delivering future health care services during COVID-19 and beyond in 77% (28/36) of studies. Conclusions This review highlighted the necessity to rethink how models of self-care should continue to address the demands of chronic conditions while being responsive to the imminent threats of infectious diseases. Perhaps the silver lining of COVID-19 is that adoption of digital technology (especially telehealth) among a vast cross-section of people with chronic conditions is possible. Future research should investigate effective ways to incorporate evidence-based digital health tools into these new models of self-care that address the challenges of chronic and infectious conditions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Self-care Behaviors and Technology Used During COVID-19: Systematic Review

Sakur¹,

Ward²,

Khatri³

et al. 2022

JMIR Hum Factors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…They adopted and implemented new ways to manage the consequence of the restrictions. Tiwari et al [ 32 ] found that around half of the participants included in their study were exercising and checking their blood glucose regularly, felt good and involved themselves in new hobbies. Furthermore, the study by Tiwari et al [ 32 ] showed that family support serves as a buffer to counteract the negative effects of stress on blood glucose.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tiwari et al [ 32 ] found that around half of the participants included in their study were exercising and checking their blood glucose regularly, felt good and involved themselves in new hobbies. Furthermore, the study by Tiwari et al [ 32 ] showed that family support serves as a buffer to counteract the negative effects of stress on blood glucose. This was aligned with the findings of the current study as participants stressed how their families contributed to easing the stress of the lockdown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Experiences of People with Diabetes during COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown

Al‐Moteri

Plummer

Youssef

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Little is known about the theoretical foundation underling the response of people with diabetes managing their everyday routines during COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. Aim: To explore the experience of people with diabetes during COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in light of the risk perception, response and behavioral change theories. Method: A qualitative descriptive design was employed, and Braun and Clark’s six step analysis were used for thematic analysis. Semi-structured interviews were conducted online using Zoom Videos Communication. Result: Five themes were defined as follows: (1) perceived the threat and faced their fears, (2) appraised the damage, (3) identified the challenges, (4) modified their routine, and (5) identified the strengths that facilitate the efficacy of their response. There were eight sub-themes within the themes. Conclusion: The results of this study may provide an opportunity for nurses to reflect on issues highlighted by the patients regarding more effective communication, knowledge and skill development for people to support self-care during national emergencies.

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Managing Type 2 Diabetes During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Scoping Review and Qualitative Study Using Systematic Literature Review and Reddit

Nagpal,

Jalali,

Sherifali

et al. 2024

Interact J Med Res

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Background The COVID-19 pandemic impacted how people accessed health services and likely how they managed chronic conditions such as type 2 diabetes (T2D). Social media forums present a source of qualitative data to understand how adaptation might have occurred from the perspective of the patient. Objective Our objective is to understand how the care-seeking behaviors and attitudes of people living with T2D were impacted during the early part of the pandemic by conducting a scoping literature review. A secondary objective is to compare the findings of the scoping review to those presented on a popular social media platform Reddit. Methods A scoping review was conducted in 2021. Inclusion criteria were population with T2D, studies are patient-centered, and study objectives are centered around health behaviors, disease management, or mental health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Exclusion criteria were populations with other noncommunicable diseases, examining COVID-19 as a comorbidity to T2D, clinical treatments for COVID-19 among people living with T2D, genetic expressions of COVID-19 among people living with T2D, gray literature, or studies not published in English. Bias was mitigated by reviewing uncertainties with other authors. Data extracted from the studies were classified into thematic categories. These categories reflect the findings of this study as per our objective. Data from the Reddit forums related to T2D from March 2020 to early March 2021 were downloaded, and support vector machines were used to classify if a post was published in the context of the pandemic. Latent Dirichlet allocation topic modeling was performed to gather topics of discussion specific to the COVID-19 pandemic. Results A total of 26 studies conducted between February and September 2020, consisting of 13,673 participants, were included in this scoping literature review. The studies were qualitative and relied mostly on qualitative data from surveys or questionnaires. Themes found from the literature review were “poorer glycemic control,” “increased consumption of unhealthy foods,” “decreased physical activity,” “inability to access medical appointments,” and “increased stress and anxiety.” Findings from latent Dirichlet allocation topic modeling of Reddit forums were “Coping With Poor Mental Health,” “Accessing Doctor & Medications and Controlling Blood Glucose,” “Changing Food Habits During Pandemic,” “Impact of Stress on Blood Glucose Levels,” “Changing Status of Employment & Insurance,” and “Risk of COVID Complications.” Conclusions Topics of discussion gauged from the Reddit forums provide a holistic perspective of the impact of the pandemic on people living with T2D, which were found to be comparable to the findings of the literature review. The study was limited by only having 1 reviewer for the literature review, but biases were mitigated by consulting authors when there were uncertainties. Qualitative analysis of Reddit forms can supplement traditional qualitative studies of the behaviors of people living with T2D.

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Impact of lockdown on self-care management among patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus residing in Lucknow city, India – A cross-sectional study

Cited by 13 publications

References 20 publications

Self-care Behaviors and Technology Used During COVID-19: Systematic Review

Self-care Behaviors and Technology Used During COVID-19: Systematic Review

The Experiences of People with Diabetes during COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown

Managing Type 2 Diabetes During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Scoping Review and Qualitative Study Using Systematic Literature Review and Reddit

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