Impact of local and regional sources of PAHs on tribal reservation air quality in the U.S. Pacific Northwest

Kramer, Amber L.; Campbell, Larry; Donatuto, Jamie; Heidt, M.K.; Kile, Molly L.; Simonich, Staci L. Massey

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136412

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Most papers attributed such an association to the co-linearity of these components with truly active PAH derivatives, which originated from the same combustion sources or generated by atmosphere oxidation processes of the parent PAHs. Thus, total ƩPAHs concentration can be considered a general descriptor of the complex mixture of the PM organic aromatic components, including truly redox-active compounds, such as quinone-like compounds (Kramer et al 2020 ; Molina et al 2020 ; Pietrogrande et al 2019b ; Pirhadi et al 2020 ; Wang et al 2018 ). This is supported by the significant correlation separately found between ƩPAHs and Ʃoxy-PAHs concentrations measured in each season, characterized by specific oxy-PAH origin and processes (Tables 3 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…NO 3 , and O 3 ) (Keyte et al 2013;Lammel et al 2020;Walgraeve et al 2010). Thus, given the continuous nature of the exposure to PAHs and oxy-PAHs bound to PM and the size of the population at risk (Albinet et al 2007;Alves et al 2017;Andreou et al 2009;Kramer et al 2020;Niu et al 2017; Responsible Editor: Constantini Samara Slezakova et al 2013), there is a need for their air monitoring, although it is an analytical challenging task, requiring high cost and time and the use of specialized equipment, e.g., mass spectrometer operating in MS/MS acquisition mode (Nalin et al 2018;Walgraeve et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their oxygenated derivatives in urban aerosol: levels, chemical profiles, and contribution to PM2.5 oxidative potential

Pietrogrande

Bacco

Demaria

et al. 2022

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and quinones, a subgroup of oxygenated PAHs (oxy-PAHs), were measured in PM2.5 samples collected during warm (May–June 2019) and cold (February–March 2020) seasons in the city of Bologna, Italy. Total PAHs concentration was nearly double in winter (6.58 ± 1.03 ng m−3) compared with spring (3.16 ± 0.53 ng m−3), following the trend of the PM2.5 mass concentration. Molecular diagnostic ratios suggested that, together with traffic, biomass burning was the dominant emission source contributing to the peaks of concentration of PM2.5 registered in the cold season. Quinone level was constant in both seasons, being 1.44 ± 0.24 ng m−3, that may be related to the increased secondary formation during warm season, as confirmed by the higher Σoxy-PAHs/ΣPAHs ratio in spring than in winter. The oxidative potential (OP) of the PM2.5 samples was assessed using acellular dithiothreitol (DTT) and ascorbic acid (AA) assays. The obtained responses showed a strong seasonality, with higher volume-normalized (OPV) values in winter than in spring, i.e., OPVDTT: 0.32 ± 0.15 nmol min−1 m−3 vs. 0.08 ± 0.03 nmol min−1 m−3 and OPVAA: 0.72 ± 0.36 nmol min−1 m−3 vs. 0.28 ± 0.21 nmol min−1 m−3. Both OPVDTT and OPVAA responses were significantly associated with total PAHs, as a general descriptor of redox-active PAH derivatives, associated with co-emission from burning sources or secondary atmospheric oxidation of parent PAHs. Otherwise, only winter OPVDTT responses showed a significant correlation with total Ʃoxy-PAHs concentration.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their oxygenated derivatives in urban aerosol: levels, chemical profiles, and contribution to PM2.5 oxidative potential

Pietrogrande

Bacco

Demaria

et al. 2022

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…As indicated in Table 6, Auckland (New Zealand) attained the lowest annual average concentration of outdoor PM-bound PAHs (0.31 ± 0.19 ng/m 3 ) [108] among all the cities/ countries. Cities in the Americas also attained relatively low overall average concentrations levels of outdoor PM-bound PAHs, which ranged from 0.84 to 10.2 ng/m 3 [67,[109][110][111][112][113]. In Europe, the observations in A Coruña (Spain) (7.56 ng/m 3 ) [114] exhibited a lower annual average concentration than that in cities in southern Spain (26.2 ng/m 3 ) [115].…”

Section: Outdoor Concentrations Of Pm-bound Pahsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Exposure to Atmospheric Particulate Matter-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Their Health Effects: A Review

Yang

Zhang

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Particulate matter (PM) is a major factor contributing to air quality deterioration that enters the atmosphere as a consequence of various natural and anthropogenic activities. In PM, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) represent a class of organic chemicals with at least two aromatic rings that are mainly directly emitted via the incomplete combustion of various organic materials. Numerous toxicological and epidemiological studies have proven adverse links between exposure to particulate matter-bound (PM-bound) PAHs and human health due to their carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. Among human exposure routes, inhalation is the main pathway regarding PM-bound PAHs in the atmosphere. Moreover, the concentrations of PM-bound PAHs differ among people, microenvironments and areas. Hence, understanding the behaviour of PM-bound PAHs in the atmosphere is crucial. However, because current techniques hardly monitor PAHs in real-time, timely feedback on PAHs including the characteristics of their concentration and composition, is not obtained via real-time analysis methods. Therefore, in this review, we summarize personal exposure, and indoor and outdoor PM-bound PAH concentrations for different participants, spaces, and cities worldwide in recent years. The main aims are to clarify the characteristics of PM-bound PAHs under different exposure conditions, in addition to the health effects and assessment methods of PAHs.

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“…Due to strong epidemiological evidence, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) considers exposures to PAHs to be major risk factors for the development of lung cancer as well as other pulmonary diseases [2,3]. Environmentally, these toxicants are found as components of airborne particulate matter (PM, both PM 2.5 and PM 10 ) [1,[4][5][6], gasoline and diesel exhaust [7][8][9][10], coal gasification, coke oven emissions, forest fire smoke, and firsthand, Toxics 2022, 10, 28 2 of 16 secondhand and thirdhand cigarette and marijuana smoke [5,11]. PAHs are also more prevalent in urban areas compared to rural settings, although with the onset of rapid climate changes due to increases in wildfires that is likely to change [1,[4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Carcinogenic Properties of Overlooked yet Prevalent Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Human Lung Epithelial Cells

Bauer

Siegrist

Wolff

et al. 2022

Toxics

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The WHO classified air pollution as a human lung carcinogen and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are components of both indoor (e.g., tobacco smoke and cookstoves) and outdoor (e.g., wildfires and industrial and vehicle emissions) air pollution, thus a human health concern. However, few studies have evaluated the adverse effects of low molecular weight (LMW) PAHs, the most abundant PAHs in the environment. We hypothesized that LMW PAHs combined with the carcinogenic PAH benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) act as co-carcinogens in human lung epithelial cell lines (BEAS-2B and A549). Therefore, in this paper, we evaluate several endpoints, such as micronuclei, gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) activity, cell cycle analysis, anti-BPDE-DNA adduct formation, and cytotoxicity after mixed exposures of LMW PAHs with B[a]P. The individual PAH doses used for each endpoint did not elicit cytotoxicity nor cell death and were relevant to human exposures. The addition of a binary mixture of LMW PAHs (fluoranthene and 1-methylanthracene) to B[a]P treated cells resulted in significant increases in micronuclei formation, dysregulation of GJIC, and changes in cell cycle as compared to cells treated with either B[a]P or the binary mixture alone. In addition, anti-BPDE-DNA adducts were significantly increased in human lung cells treated with B[a]P combined with the binary mixture of LMW PAHs as compared to cells treated with B[a]P alone, further supporting the increased co-carcinogenic potential by LMW PAHs. Collectively, these novel studies using LMW PAHs provide evidence of adverse pulmonary effects that should warrant further investigation.

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Impact of local and regional sources of PAHs on tribal reservation air quality in the U.S. Pacific Northwest

Cited by 13 publications

References 32 publications

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their oxygenated derivatives in urban aerosol: levels, chemical profiles, and contribution to PM2.5 oxidative potential

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their oxygenated derivatives in urban aerosol: levels, chemical profiles, and contribution to PM2.5 oxidative potential

Exposure to Atmospheric Particulate Matter-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Their Health Effects: A Review

The Carcinogenic Properties of Overlooked yet Prevalent Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Human Lung Epithelial Cells

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