Impact of lignin extraction methods on microstructure and mechanical properties of lignin‐based carbon fibers

Shi, Xin; Wang, Xing; Tang, Biao; Dai, Zhong; Chen, Kefu; Zhou, Jinghui

doi:10.1002/app.45580

Cited by 44 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…Based on these results, the types of lignin influenced the microstructure of lignin-based carbon materials. In the literature, Shi et al reported the impact of three types of lignin by various extraction methods on the microstructure and mechanical properties of lignin-based carbon fibers [32]. Obviously, these results were similar with the previous results.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

“…There was also report about the impact of three types of lignin by various extraction methods on microstructure and mechanical properties of lignin-based carbon fibers [30]. In general, many parameters such as the types of lignin, treatment methods, carbonization temperature, carbonization time, activated solution, etc, had an effect on the structure and property of lignin-based carbon materials [13,31,32]. In this paper, the experimental results further indicated the influences of the synthetic methods on the lignin-based carbon materials.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preparation of Lignin-Based Carbon Materials and Its Application as a Sorbent

Meng

2019

Materials

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The purpose of this article was to explore the influences of synthetic methods on the lignin-based carbon materials. In this paper, the lignin-based activated carbon materials were comparatively researched in ZnCl2 solution using various methods, including the microwave-assisted method, ultrasound method, and UV irradiation method, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential thermal analysis (DTA) were used to characterize the as-prepared samples. The effects of the synthetic parameters including the types of lignin, activated solution concentration, types of activated solution, and synthetic methods on the morphologies, thermal stability, and specific surface area of samples were comparatively investigated in detail. The specific surface area of lignin-based activated carbon increased to 473.8, 765.3, and 211.2 m2∙g−1 using the microwave-assisted method, ultrasound method, and UV irradiation method, respectively, compared with that of the control (113.4 m2∙g−1). The lignin-based carbon materials displayed the enhanced absorptive capacity, compared with that of the control. These novel synthetic methods reported here maybe have a guiding significance for the synthesis of carbon materials using the lignin as precursors.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Lignin-Based Carbon Materials and Its Application as a Sorbent

Meng

2019

Materials

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“…Furthermore, the PPL exhibited relatively higher molecular weights compared to DPL, which suggests that the higher molecular weight lignin fractions were more easily obtained through the PAW process compared to the DAW process. Hence, the PPL with higher molecular weights that were obtained in this study would be suitable as a raw material in the synthesis of lignin-based carbon fibers [33].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignin Structure and Solvent Effects on the Selective Removal of Condensed Units and Enrichment of S-Type Lignin

et al. 2018

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This study focused on the structural differences of lignin after pyridine–acetic acid–water (PAW) and dioxane–acidic water (DAW) purification processes. These structural differences included the S/G ratio, condensed structure, weight-average (MW) molecular weights, β-O-4 linkages and sugar content. The chemical structure of the isolated crude lignin (CL), PAW purified lignin (PPL) and DAW purified lignin (DPL) was elucidated using quantitative 13C NMR, 2D-HSQC NMR spectra, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results showed that the PPL fractions contain fewer condensed structures, higher S/G ratios, more β-O-4 linkages, higher average MW and lower thermal degradation properties compared to the CL and DPL fractions. Furthermore, the PAW process was more selective in removing condensed units and enriching S-type lignin from CL compared to the DAW process. These results provide valuable information for understanding which purification process is more suitable to be applied for lignin.

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“…Carbon fibers are lightweight and high-strength materials that are useful to produce reinforced composites to be employed in industrial sectors related to transport, like automotive and aerospace applications. Although initially lignin-based carbon fibers did not achieve the mechanical properties of traditional carbon fibers, more recent advances in spinning techniques have improved their performance [465]. Electrospinning and melt-spinning are more advantageous fiber processing techniques, but the structure of the lignin, determined by the biomass nature and isolation process, has great influence over the fiber processing [466][467][468].…”

Section: Lignin-derived Carbon Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternatives for Chemical and Biochemical Lignin Valorization: Hot Topics from a Bibliometric Analysis of the Research Published During the 2000–2016 Period

2018

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A complete bibliometric analysis of the Scopus database was performed to identify the research trends related to lignin valorization from 2000 to 2016. The results from this analysis revealed an exponentially increasing number of publications and a high relevance of interdisciplinary collaboration. The simultaneous valorization of the three main components of lignocellulosic biomass (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) has been revealed as a key aspect and optimal pretreatment is required for the subsequent lignin valorization. Research covers the determination of the lignin structure, isolation, and characterization; depolymerization by thermal and thermochemical methods; chemical, biochemical and biological conversion of depolymerized lignin; and lignin applications. Most methods for lignin depolymerization are focused on the selective cleavage of the β-O-4 linkage. Although many depolymerization methods have been developed, depolymerization with sodium hydroxide is the dominant process at industrial scale. Oxidative conversion of lignin is the most used method for the chemical lignin upgrading. Lignin uses can be classified according to its structure into lignin-derived aromatic compounds, lignin-derived carbon materials and lignin-derived polymeric materials. There are many advances in all approaches, but lignin-derived polymeric materials appear as a promising option.

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Impact of lignin extraction methods on microstructure and mechanical properties of lignin‐based carbon fibers

Cited by 44 publications

References 27 publications

Preparation of Lignin-Based Carbon Materials and Its Application as a Sorbent

Preparation of Lignin-Based Carbon Materials and Its Application as a Sorbent

Lignin Structure and Solvent Effects on the Selective Removal of Condensed Units and Enrichment of S-Type Lignin

Alternatives for Chemical and Biochemical Lignin Valorization: Hot Topics from a Bibliometric Analysis of the Research Published During the 2000–2016 Period

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