Impact of lactation upon fertility in the New World primate capuchin monkey (<i>Cebus apella</i>)

Recabarren, Mónica P; Vergara, Marcela; Martınez, M.C.; Gordon, Keith; Serón-Ferré, Marı́a

doi:10.1034/j.1600-0684.2000.290507.x

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The suggested function of this extended infertile period is to increase the interval between pregnancies, as previously documented in apes (chimpanzees [Tutin & McGrew, 1973]), Old World monkeys (baboons [Altmann et al, 1978]), and some New World monkeys (howler and squirrel monkeys [McNeilly, 1994]). Recabarren et al [2000] stopped measuring hormone levels after 150 days, so it is unclear whether their female capuchins also stopped cycling before conceptive cycles started. One finding from our study that does not support this explanation is that the female Timone was nulliparous and thus could not have been experiencing residual infertility.…”

Section: Discussion Fecal Hormone Analysis and Interpretation Of Hormmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The latter occurs immediately after parturition when the ovary ceases to produce ovarian hormones. According to Recabarren et al [2000], lactational residual infertility is a period of time when females may still be nursing and begin to cycle, but their hormone patterns are abnormal and most likely anovulatory. The suggested function of this extended infertile period is to increase the interval between pregnancies, as previously documented in apes (chimpanzees [Tutin & McGrew, 1973]), Old World monkeys (baboons [Altmann et al, 1978]), and some New World monkeys (howler and squirrel monkeys [McNeilly, 1994]).…”

Section: Discussion Fecal Hormone Analysis and Interpretation Of Hormmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are at least three possible explanations as to why these females ceased to cycle without becoming pregnant during our 2002 study period. First, Recabarren et al [2000] described a period of time called ''lactational residual infertility'' in C. apella, which occurs subsequently to lactational amenorrhea. The latter occurs immediately after parturition when the ovary ceases to produce ovarian hormones.…”

Section: Discussion Fecal Hormone Analysis and Interpretation Of Hormmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Behavioral indicators of ovarian phase in white‐faced capuchins (Cebus capucinus)

Carnegie

Fedigan

Ziegler

2005

American J Primatol

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In many primate species, conspicuous behavioral and/or morphological changes are indicators of the fertile phase of the female cycle. However, several primate species, such as the white-faced capuchin, lack these cues. This is referred to as "concealed ovulation," and is argued to be a reproductive strategy that confuses paternity and lowers the risk of infanticide. We studied 10 adult female white-faced capuchins in Santa Rosa National Park, Costa Rica, from January to June 2002. We determined their ovarian cycling patterns by analyzing fecal ovarian hormones, and compared simultaneously collected behavioral data to determine which, if any, cues females use to signal their fertile phases. We found that four females cycled during the study period but ceased to cycle without becoming pregnant. We considered several explanations for the lack of conception during our study, including reproductive seasonality. We found that female C. capucinus showed only small increases in rates of affiliative/proceptive behaviors directed toward adult males during their periovulatory phases. The best indicator of cycle phase was a significant increase in male affiliative behaviors (e.g., following and grooming bouts) and sexual behaviors (e.g., copulations and courtship displays) directed toward females during the periovulatory phase compared to the nonovulatory phase. Our finding that females exhibit little proceptive behavior, but that copulations and male courtship are nonetheless concentrated in periovulatory phases suggests that even though females do not provide behavioral and morphological cues to ovulation, males are still able to detect it. Infanticide occurs with some frequency in these monkeys, and there is evidence for postconceptive mating as a female strategy to lower risk of infanticide via paternity confusion. However, despite this occurrence of nonconceptive mating and the absence of female cues to ovulation, truly concealed ovulation does not appear to be characteristic of this study population of white-faced capuchins.

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Section: Discussion Fecal Hormone Analysis and Interpretation Of Hormmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussion Fecal Hormone Analysis and Interpretation Of Hormmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussion Fecal Hormone Analysis and Interpretation Of Hormmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Behavioral indicators of ovarian phase in white‐faced capuchins (Cebus capucinus)

Carnegie

Fedigan

Ziegler

2005

American J Primatol

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“…Two females were nursing infants less than 10-weeks old when they came into estrus. Recabarren et al [2000] demonstrate that among captive brown capuchin monkeys, nursing females do not recover menstrual cycles until 150-190 days post-partum, and lactation extends the residual infertility period (mating but not conceiving) for another 9-11 months. If the females were unable to conceive from October through January (no offspring were born from these matings), then the question remains why they copulated with the new dominant males.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Infanticide in black capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella nigritus) in Iguazú National Park, Argentina

Ramírez-Llorens

Bitetti

Baldovino

et al. 2008

American J Primatol

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We report here one observed and two potential cases of infanticide during a brief period of 1 month after a dominant male replacement in one group of black capuchin monkeys in Iguazú National Park, Argentina. We also compile infant disappearances and demographic data in seven groups followed from 1-14 years. Behavioral and molecular data showed that the probability that an infanticidal male would kill his own progeny is very low in this species. Females that lost infants less than 6 months old had shorter interbirth intervals than females whose infants survived (14.12 ± 5.32 months, n=17 vs. 20.42 ± 5.65 months, n=34). Females whose infants die shortly after takeovers mate with the presumed infanticidal male during the most fertile days of their subsequent estrous periods giving this male a high probability of siring the new progeny. We recorded 181 proceptive periods and 52 births from 18 adult females in two groups. Most proceptive periods were concentrated during a conception season, but there was an increase in sexual behavior after male takeovers. Seven females copulated while pregnant after the observed male takeover, an unusual behavior in this species in years of group stability. Of 24 infants born during takeover years, 62.5% did not survive the first year, whereas only 22.5% of 80 infants died in years without male replacements. We found a significant positive association between infant mortality and male takeovers, but not with food provisioning. The main cause of infant mortality in this population is associated with male takeovers. Our results suggest that infanticide can have an important effect on the behavior of this species, selecting for female behaviors that function to reduce infanticide risk.

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“…The increased reproductive output of the adolescent-treated females was likely related to their increased incidence of infant mortality. Female primates experience lactational amenorrhea, which lengthens the interbirth interval (Schallenberger et al 1981, Stewart 1988, Recabarren et al 2000. The death of an infant removes lactational amenorrhea, and mothers who lose an infant typically conceive again more quickly than do mothers who successfully wean an infant; therefore, more frequent infant loss increases reproductive output but not reproductive success.…”

Section: Return Of Fertility and Reproductive Outputmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early adolescent Depo-Provera exposure increases stillbirths in adult sooty mangabeys

Cappelletti¹,

Ethun²,

Meeker³

et al. 2015

Reproduction

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The 3-month injectable contraceptive medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA; Depo-Provera) is a synthetic progestin that protects against pregnancy by suppressing ovulation. Studies have focused on the resumption of ovulation after MPA-treatment cessation but neglected potential long-term effects of MPA exposure on future successful reproduction. MPA is frequently administered to adolescent girls; however, long-term fertility effects of adolescent MPA exposure have not been explored. We investigated fertility after extended MPA exposure in a species of old world primate, the sooty mangabey (Cercocebus atys). Female sooty mangabeys (nZ31) received chronic MPA-treatment for 4-8 years. At MPA-treatment onset, subjects were either parous adults (nZ14) or nulliparous adolescents (nZ17), with adolescent-treated subjects being further divided into those who had reached first ovulation (nZ10) and those who had not (nZ7). After MPA-treatment cessation, adolescent-treated females had a significantly higher incidence of stillbirth than did age-matched and parity-matched controls, whereas adult-treated females did not differ from their matched controls. Females placed on MPA-treatment prior to first ovulation had a significantly higher incidence of stillbirth post-treatment than did females placed on MPA-treatment after first ovulation. Diabetic females had an increased incidence of stillbirth as compared to nondiabetic females; however, when controlling for diabetes, MPA exposure prior to first ovulation was still a significant positive predictor of stillbirth. These findings suggest that the post-treatment fertility effects of chronic MPA exposure vary with the developmental timing of treatment onset and raise concern about the use of MPA as a contraceptive for adolescent girls.Reproduction (2015) 150 497-505

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Impact of lactation upon fertility in the New World primate capuchin monkey (Cebus apella)

Cited by 26 publications

References 23 publications

Behavioral indicators of ovarian phase in white‐faced capuchins (Cebus capucinus)

Behavioral indicators of ovarian phase in white‐faced capuchins (Cebus capucinus)

Infanticide in black capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella nigritus) in Iguazú National Park, Argentina

Early adolescent Depo-Provera exposure increases stillbirths in adult sooty mangabeys

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