Impact of kerosene space heaters on indoor air quality

Effects and mechanisms of kerosene use-related toxicity

“…The low viscosity and surface tension of kerosene is implicated in easily allowing it to be aspirated into the lungs of persons exposed to and causing the effects described above particularly the lipoid pneumonitis. Organization (WHO) PM 2.5 concentration guideline was exceeded by at least an order of magnitude for all simple wick lamp burn rates with only one simple wick lamp [42,44]. Use of more than one lamp resulted in an increase in the total intake contribution from the fuel-based lamp The cheapest and crudest kerosene lamps were found to emit the largest amounts of PM 2.5 .…”

Investigation of Indoor Air Quality in Residential Buildings by Measuring CO2 Concentration and a Questionnaire Survey

“…The second major source of pollutants in residential buildings is the use of combustion heating appliances (typically in winters). There is a close relationship between the use of combustion heating and air quality, especially the , CO, , , and VOCs concentration, as reported in several pre-existing studies [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. Combustion heating with gas or kerosene is still the main heating method in Japan [ 15 , 16 , 17 ], and the WHO reports that these remain in use in some parts of the world [ 7 ].…”

“…Another factor that causes air indoor pollution is the use of combustion heaters [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. Combustion heating is recognized as a major source of , sulfur dioxide ( ), and emissions [ 8 , 10 , 12 ], and exposure to these substances can cause sick building syndrome [ 13 , 14 ].…”

“…Combustion heating is recognized as a major source of , sulfur dioxide ( ), and emissions [ 8 , 10 , 12 ], and exposure to these substances can cause sick building syndrome [ 13 , 14 ]. Gas and kerosene heaters still account for a large percentage of heating devices used in Japan [ 15 , 16 , 17 ], and the use of combustion heating has been reported to cause concentrations to reach 4000–5000 ppm [ 9 , 10 , 11 ].…”

“…However, comparisons among different heating appliances and the effects of seasonal variations are limited, and there are still unknowns in these areas. Existing studies [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ] on combustion heating only investigated the impact of combustion, and did not compare it to homes without combustion heating (i.e., they had no controls in their study for comparison). Shinohara et al observed the influence of the amount of ventilation in the house and seasonal variation, but argued that individual differences were much higher in Japan [ 6 ].…”