“…Terrorism has severely impacted Pakistan's educational system, as student enrollment is declining due to insufficient school security, boundary walls, and main gates (Adukia, 2014;Chitrali et al, 2013;Gillani, 2021;Hussain, 2016;Khan & Javaid, 2019;Miller, 2014;Rahman et al, 2020;Ramzan et al, 2017). Consequently, parents do not want to send their children to schools that lack security outdoors, boundary walls, or main gates (Chitrali et al, 2013;Guimbert et al, 2008;Hayat, 2017;Khan & Javaid, 2019;Moyi, 2012;Ramzan et al, 2017).…”