Impact of intrinsic iron on electrochemical oxidation of pencil graphite and its application as supercapacitors

Vishnu, Nandimalla; Gopalakrishnan, Arthi; Badhulika, Sushmee

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2018.03.024

Cited by 21 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Already, three important review papers − and more than 300 papers with the title of “pencil-graphite” have been published (searched by SCOPUS searching system [Elsevier B. V.] checked July 2018). The research topics of PGRs have been developed for sensors, − super capacitors, − water electrolysis, , and so on. Actually, a PGR costs only 27 cents USD/13 cm rod, ø = 2.0 mm (from Mitsubishi Pencil Co. Ltd., Japan).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Electrolysis using Flame-Annealed Pencil-Graphite Rods

Tsuji

Masutani

Haruyama

et al. 2019

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Inexpensive and sensitive graphite electrodes were fabricated by applying flame annealing to pencil-graphite rods (PGRs) as electrodes for water electrolysis cells. The resin (polymer, binder) on the surface of PGR was removed by flame annealing to make it porous, and the graphite electrodes with high activity and low cost were obtained. By flame annealing the PGR, although the PGR electrode became active upon water electrolysis, the PGR electrode became instable for long-time operation. The effects of flame annealing on PGR for water electrolysis were analyzed by SEM, FT-IR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, NEXAFS, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Electrolysis using Flame-Annealed Pencil-Graphite Rods

Tsuji

Masutani

Haruyama

et al. 2019

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…In addition, the obtained peak current ( i pa or i pc ) value (Figure A) of the electrodes was used to measure the electrochemically accessible surface area ( A e in cm 2 ). To calculate A e , standard Randle‐Sevcik equation: i p =2.69×10 5 A e D 1/2 n 3/2 v 1/2 c , where n= electron number involved in redox reaction, D =diffusion coefficient (7.6×10 −6 cm 2 s −1 ) and c =redox couple concentration, was used. After substitution of the i pc value of SPCE/BP@PANI, SPCE/BP and SPCE in the aforesaid equation, the A e value is estimated to be 0.070, 0.060 and 0.045 cm 2 respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…EIS response of bare SPCE displays a larger semicircle with a R ct value of 1779 Ω (curve a) and it is reduced further to 1262 Ω upon the presence of BP on SPCE (SPCE/BP; curve b) and to 889 Ω by electrochemical deposition of PANI on SPCE/BP (i. e., SPCE/BP@PANI; curve c). Likewise, exchange current density ( j o ) values of SPCE, SPCE/BP and SPCE/BP@PANI electrodes can be calculated from the obtained Rct values using j 0 = RT / nFA R ct , where, R, T , n, F and A are gas constant (8.314 J K −1 mol −1 ), temperature (298 K), e − number involved in redox reaction (1), Faraday constant (96,485 C mol −1 ) and electrode area, respectively. Calculated j 0 value of SPCE/BP@PANI (0.41 mA cm −2 ) is greater than BP modified SPCE (0.28 mA cm −2 ) and bare SPCE (0.2 mA cm −2 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyaniline Sheathed Black Phosphorous: A Novel, Advanced Platform for Electrochemical Sensing Applications

et al. 2019

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Despite its excellent properties, the inherent unstable nature of black phosphorus (BP) in ambient atmosphere has severely restricted its use in electrochemical sensing applications. In this work, polyaniline (PANI) sheathed BP was prepared via the electrochemical polymerisation of aniline on BP coated screen printed carbon electrode (i. e., SPCE/BP) which resulted in an efficient, stable electrochemical platform (i. e., SPCE/BP@PANI) with improved properties which was evaluated for electrochemical detection of two model bioanalytes namely, ascorbic acid (AA) and Hydrazine (Hy). The formation of PANI on the SPCE/BP exhibited a pair of stable and well‐defined redox peaks indicating the better adsorption energy and fast electron transfer nature of BP as compared to other 2D materials like graphene and transitional metal dichalcogenides. FESEM and XPS studies revealed the formation and uniform growth of PANI on BP surface without any aggregation. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analyses revealed that SPCE/BP@PANI can act as a suitable electrocatalyst material for the sensing of AA and Hy. Thus, SPCE/BP@PANI electrode exhibited low limit of detection (DL; 1.69 μM), excellent reproducibility and better selectivity towards AA oxidation over glucose, sucrose, urea, citric acid, sodium, nitrate, nitrite and magnesium with a sensitivity of 3.38 A M−1 cm−2 (R2=0.98) in the dynamic range of 10–1100 μM. The excellent analytical performance of the BP@PANI is plausible due to better adsorption energy and fast electron transfer of BP. Further, SPCE/BP@PANI was also used for successful detection of AA in processed fruit juice with good recovery. Under the optimal DPV conditions, the modified electrode was extended for detection of Hy in a linear range of 100–1500 μM with sensitivity of 0.09 A M−1 cm−2 (R2=0.99) and DL=89 μM validating the potential of BP based composites in wide range of electrochemical applications.

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“…The demand for green and sustainable energy supply has increased remarkably to overcome the depletion of fossil fuels and to meet the global energy demand . Supercapacitors (SCs)/ultracapacitors have advanced in terms of efficient storage and transformation over traditional energy storage systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facile Synthesis of Highly Porous N-Doped Carbon Nanosheets with Silica Nanoparticles for Ultrahigh Capacitance Supercapacitors

Gopalakrishnan

Badhulika

2020

Energy Fuels

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Low-cost, scalable, and abundant biomass-derived carbon materials have attracted considerable attention. Herein, we report on novel self-doped (nitrogen) porous carbon nanosheets by carbonization/activation of acorn shells as a biomass precursor for use in high-performance supercapacitors (SCs), which contain SiO2 nanoparticles embedded in carbon nanosheets. This oaknut shell-based activated carbon (AOC) generates an ultrahigh surface area of 3757 m2 g–1, with micropore–mesopore distribution and formation of moderately graphitized sp2 carbon structures. The AOC electrode delivers an impressive specific capacitance of 505 F g–1 at 1.6 A g–1 in three-electrode systems, which is higher than the reported biomass-derived electrodes so far. Further, the symmetric SC displays a remarkable specific energy of 12.7 W h kg–1 at a specific power of 200 W kg–1 in neutral electrolytes, exhibiting high rate capability and retaining 96% of capacitance compared to commercial activated carbon. The outstanding electrochemical performance of the electrode can be ascribed to the large surface area with optimum pore tortuosity for ion transport, high electrical conductivity, and presence of self-doped heteroatoms. Overall, we believe that this high-specific energy self-doped tunable porous carbon can be utilized for industrial SCs.

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Impact of intrinsic iron on electrochemical oxidation of pencil graphite and its application as supercapacitors

Cited by 21 publications

References 34 publications

Water Electrolysis using Flame-Annealed Pencil-Graphite Rods

Water Electrolysis using Flame-Annealed Pencil-Graphite Rods

Polyaniline Sheathed Black Phosphorous: A Novel, Advanced Platform for Electrochemical Sensing Applications

Facile Synthesis of Highly Porous N-Doped Carbon Nanosheets with Silica Nanoparticles for Ultrahigh Capacitance Supercapacitors

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