Impact of Intermittent Fasting and/or Caloric Restriction on Aging-Related Outcomes in Adults: A Scoping Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

James, Dara L.; Hawley, Nanako A.; Mohr, Alex E.; Hermer, Janice; Ofori, Edward; Yu, Fang; Sears, Dorothy D.

doi:10.3390/nu16020316

Cited by 4 publications

References 57 publications

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Intermittent Fasting Regulates Metabolic Homeostasis and Improves Cardiovascular Health

Diab,

Dimachkie,

Zein

et al. 2024

Cell Biochem Biophys

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Obesity is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. While the prevalence of obesity has been increasing, the incidence of its related complications including dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease (CVD) has also been rising. Recent research has focused on modalities aimed at reducing obesity. Several modalities have been suggested including behavioral and dietary changes, medications, and bariatric surgery. These modalities differ in their effectiveness and invasiveness, with dietary changes gaining more interest due to their minimal risks compared to other modalities. Specifically, intermittent fasting (IF) has been gaining interest in the past decade. IF is characterized by cycles of alternating fasting and eating windows, with several different forms practiced. IF has been shown to reduce weight and alleviate obesity-related complications. Our review of clinical and experimental studies explores the effects of IF on the lipid profile, white adipose tissue (WAT) dynamics, and the gut microbiome. Notably, IF corrects dyslipidemia, reduces WAT accumulation, and decreases inflammation, which reduces CVD and obesity. This comprehensive analysis details the protective metabolic role of IF, advocating for its integration into public health practices.

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Intermittent Fasting Regulates Metabolic Homeostasis and Improves Cardiovascular Health

Diab,

Dimachkie,

Zein

et al. 2024

Cell Biochem Biophys

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Intermittent Fasting in Youth: A Scoping Review

Bakhsh,

Vidmar,

Salvy

2024

Preprint

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Intermittent fasting (IF) focuses on the timing of eating rather than diet quality or energy intake, with evidence supporting its effects on weight loss and cardiometabolic outcomes in adults. However, there is limited evidence for its efficacy in adolescents and emerging adults. To address this, a scoping review examined IF regimens in individuals aged 10 to 25, focusing on methodology, intervention parameters, outcomes, adherence, feasibility, and efficacy. The review included 39 studies with 731 participants aged 15 to 25. Methodologies varied, with 18 studies on time-restricted eating and others requiring caloric restriction. Primary outcomes included cardiometabolic risk factors (11/29), body composition (9/29), anthropometric measurements (8/29), and feasibility (2/29). Most studies reported significant weight loss. This review underscores IF's potential in treating obesity in this age group but highlights the need for rigorous studies with standardized frameworks for feasibility to ensure comparability and determine IF’s practicality in this age group.

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Time-restricted eating, the clock ticking behind the scenes

Ribas-Latre,

Fernández-Veledo,

Vendrell

2024

Front. Pharmacol.

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IntroductionMaintaining metabolic balance relies on accumulating nutrients during feeding periods and their subsequent release during fasting. In obesity and metabolic disorders, strategies aimed at reducing food intake while simulating fasting have garnered significant attention for weight loss. Caloric restriction (CR) diets and intermittent fasting (IF) interventions have emerged as effective approaches to improving cardiometabolic health. Although the comparative metabolic benefits of CR versus IF remain inconclusive, this review focuses on various forms of IF, particularly time-restricted eating (TRE).MethodsThis study employs a narrative review methodology, systematically collecting, synthesizing, and interpreting the existing literature on TRE and its metabolic effects. A comprehensive and unbiased search of relevant databases was conducted to identify pertinent studies, including pre-clinical animal studies and clinical trials in humans. Keywords such as “Obesity,” “Intermittent Fasting,” “Time-restricted eating,” “Chronotype,” and “Circadian rhythms” guided the search. The selected studies were critically appraised based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, allowing for a thorough exploration and synthesis of current knowledge.ResultsThis article synthesizes pre-clinical and clinical studies on TRE and its metabolic effects, providing a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge and identifying gaps for future research. It explores the metabolic outcomes of recent clinical trials employing different TRE protocols in individuals with overweight, obesity, or type II diabetes, emphasizing the significance of individual chronotype, which is often overlooked in practice. In contrast to human studies, animal models underscore the role of the circadian clock in mitigating metabolic disturbances induced by obesity through time-restricted feeding (TRF) interventions. Consequently, we examine pre-clinical evidence supporting the interplay between the circadian clock and TRF interventions. Additionally, we provide insights into the role of the microbiota, which TRE can modulate and its influence on circadian rhythms.

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Impact of Intermittent Fasting and/or Caloric Restriction on Aging-Related Outcomes in Adults: A Scoping Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

Cited by 4 publications

References 57 publications

Intermittent Fasting Regulates Metabolic Homeostasis and Improves Cardiovascular Health

Intermittent Fasting Regulates Metabolic Homeostasis and Improves Cardiovascular Health

Intermittent Fasting in Youth: A Scoping Review

Time-restricted eating, the clock ticking behind the scenes

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