Impact of intensive care unit (ICU) drug use on hospital costs: A descriptive analysis, with recommendations for optimizing ICU pharmacotherapy

Weber, Robert J.; Kane, Sandra L; Oriolo, Vincent A; Saul, Melissa; Skledar, Susan J.; Dasta, Joseph F.

doi:10.1097/00003246-200301001-00003

Cited by 88 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Therefore, a large number of drugs are employed to save these patients and that make them susceptible to medication errors and adverse drug reactions [3]. According to the comparison held by Weber et al, 38% of the total drug costs are accounted for the ICU and these costs have increased at greater rate against non-ICU drug costs [4]. Furthermore, the cost of hospitalization and drug treatment in the ICU are also high [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug Utilization Pattern in an Intensive Care Unit at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Oman

Al‐Zakwani

Al-thuhli

Al-Hashim

et al. 2017

Asian J Pharm Clin Res

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Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the drug prescribing trends in the intensive care unit (ICU) and correlate them with the disease patterns and patients' outcomes. Methods:The case records of patients admitted to the ICU at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, a teaching hospital in Oman, during a 5-month period between June 1 st and October 31 st 2013 were analyzed. The variables collected included demographic and clinical characteristics as well as duration of hospitalization, indications, and utilization of different drugs.Results: A total of 138 patients were evaluated with an average age of 46±19 years. The average length of stay at ICU was 4.5±3.5 days. The average number of drugs per prescription was 8.0±4.6. The most common route used was the parenteral route (66%) followed by the enteral route (25%).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug Utilization Pattern in an Intensive Care Unit at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Oman

Al‐Zakwani

Al-thuhli

Al-Hashim

et al. 2017

Asian J Pharm Clin Res

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“…Some developed countries reported that drug expenditure per patient per day in CCU ranging from $208 to $312 which was higher as compared to our study. 13,14 Average cost of antimicrobials in Group A patients was `4054 ± 2014 ($73 ± 36) which was significantly (p<0.05) higher as compared to Group B patients. It may be due to average number of antimicrobials as well as costliest antimicrobials were prescribed higher in Group A patients.…”

Section: Analysis Of Cost Of Group Of Drugs Per Patientmentioning

confidence: 89%

Analysis of Cost of Antimicrobial Therapy along with Cost of Concomitant Drug Therapy in Patients Admitted in Critical Care Unit (CCU) at Charitable Trust Hospital In India

Shelat¹,

Kumbar²

2015

J YOUNG PHARM

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Objective: To study the cost of antimicrobial therapy along with concomitant drug therapy in Critical Care Unit (CCU). Material and Method: Study was conducted at charitable trust hospital of metro city in India. Total 270 patients admitted in CCU were included. Daily bill of drugs from patients were taken and cost mentioned in the bill was recorded. Currency was converted from Indian to United States currency (`54.81 INR = 1$USD). Data were analyzed by student 't' test, x 2 test and Z test. Results: Patients were divided according to Group A (directly/first admitted in CCU) and Group B (transferred from ward/operation theatre to CCU). Duration of hospital stay in CCU, patients on ventilator support, mortality were significantly (p<0.05) higher in directly admitted Group A patients as compared to transferred Group B patients. Cost of antimicrobial therapy was significantly (p<0.05) higher in Group A as compared to Group B patients and accounted more than one third to cost of total drug therapy. Cost of concomitant drugs like inotropes was significantly (p<0.05) higher in Group A patients. Cost of gastrointestinal drugs and analgesics were significantly (p<0.05) higher in Group B patients. Cost of antimicrobials like piperacillin+tazobactam, cefoperazone+sulbacatm were significantly (p<0.05) higher in Group A patients. Cost of amikacin and metronidazole per patient were significantly (p<0.05) higher in Group B. Cost of beta lactam antimicrobials like amoxicillin+clavulinate, piperacillin+tazobactam and cefoperazone+sulbacatm accounted more than 40% of cost of antimicrobials. Conclusion: Cost of antimicrobial therapy was higher in directly admitted Group A patients in CCU. Cost of antimicrobials per patient was accounted more than one third of total cost of drug therapy in CCU. In antimicrobials cost of beta lactam antimicrobials was higher as compared to other antimicrobials.

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“…Bizim çalışmamızda da her iki YBÜ'de oluşan maliyetlerin SGK tarafından yapılan ödeme- Yapılan bir çalışmada YBÜ'de hasta günü başına ilaç maliyeti yıllık %12'lik artış göstermiştir. YBÜ dışındaki servislerde ise gün başına ilaç maliyeti yıllık %6'lık artış göstermiştir (15). Bizim çalışmamızda da ilaç maliyetlerinin önemli gider kalemlerinden biri olduğu ve iç hastalıkları YBÜ'de ilaç maliyetinin daha fazla olduğu gösterilmiştir.…”

Section: Yöntemlerunclassified

Comparison of Patient Costs in Internal Medicine and Anaesthesiology Intensive Care Units in a Tertiary University Hospital

Kara¹,

Yıldırım²,

Basak³

et al. 2015

Turk J Anesth Reanim

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Objective: The allocation of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) to health is limited, therefore it has made a need for professional management of health business. Hospital managers as well as employees are required to have sufficient knowledge about the hospital costs. Hospital facilities like intensive care units that require specialization and advanced technology have an important part in costs. For this purpose, cost analysis studies should be done in the general health business and special units separately. Methods:In this study we aimed to compare the costs of anaesthesiology and internal medicine intensive care units (ICU) roughly.Results: After approval of this study by Gazi University Faculty of Medicine Ethics Committee, the costs of 855 patients that were hospitalized, examined and treated for at least 24 hours in internal medicine and anaesthesiology ICUs between January 2012-August 2013 (20 months period) were taken and analyzed from chief staff of the Department of Information Technology, Gazi University Hospital. Conclusion:At the end of the study, we observed clear differences between internal medicine and anaesthesiology ICUs arising from transactions and patient characteristics of units. We stated that these differences should be considered by Social Security Institution (SSI) for the reimbursement of the services. Further, we revealed that SSI payments do not meet the intensive care expenditure.

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Impact of intensive care unit (ICU) drug use on hospital costs: A descriptive analysis, with recommendations for optimizing ICU pharmacotherapy

Abstract: ICU drug therapies have a significant impact on hospital costs, and effective clinical informatics services and multidisciplinary collaboration programs are necessary to optimize ICU pharmacotherapy.

Cited by 88 publications

References 32 publications

Drug Utilization Pattern in an Intensive Care Unit at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Oman

Drug Utilization Pattern in an Intensive Care Unit at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Oman

Analysis of Cost of Antimicrobial Therapy along with Cost of Concomitant Drug Therapy in Patients Admitted in Critical Care Unit (CCU) at Charitable Trust Hospital In India

Comparison of Patient Costs in Internal Medicine and Anaesthesiology Intensive Care Units in a Tertiary University Hospital

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