Impact of in-hospital cardiac rehabilitation on mortality and readmissions in heart failure: A population study in Lombardy, Italy, from 2005 to 2012

Abstract

Aims The 2016 European guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of heart failure classified cardiac rehabilitation as a mandatory class I intervention. We aimed to analyse in heart failure patients the impact of an in-hospital cardiac rehabilitation programme on all-cause mortality and readmissions. Methods From the Lombardy healthcare administrative database, we analysed in patients with incident heart failure, from 2005 to 2012, the number of all hospitalisations, cardiac rehabilitation admissions, post-discharge deaths, outpatient drug prescriptions and visits. We divided patients into hospitalised for heart failure in acute care only (group A) versus patients with one or more admission to cardiac rehabilitation for an in-hospital cardiac rehabilitation programme (group B). Results Of 140,552 incident cases, 100,843 (71%) were in group A and 39,709 (29%) in group B. Patients in group B had 3.26 ± 1.78 admissions to acute care before referral to an in-hospital cardiac rehabilitation programme. Male gender, age in women and comorbidities (more than two) were higher in group B ( P < 0.0001). Patients in group B had a higher number of interventional procedures ( P < 0.0001), drug prescription and outpatient visit rate ( P < 0.0001). Total mortality was 30% in group A versus 29% in group B. At Cox and logistic regression analyses, after adjustment for covariates, group B had a significantly lower risk of mortality (hazard ratio 0.5768, 95% confidence interval 0.5650–0.5888, P < 0.0001) and readmissions (0.7997, 0.7758–0.8244, P < 0.0001) than group A. Conclusion This study showed in a large population of heart failure patients that in-hospital cardiac rehabilitation is associated with a reduction of all-cause mortality and rehospitalisations in heart failure. Given its potential significant benefit, referral of heart failure patients to an in-hospital cardiac rehabilitation programme should be promoted.

Kardiologische Rehabilitation

“…In einer großen italienischen Beobachtungsstudie nahmen von 140.552 Patienten mit Herzinsuffizienz 39.709 Patienten (29 %), Alter 75 ± 11 Jahre, 47 % Frauen, an einer KardReha teil. In der multivariaten Analyse waren nach 7 Jahren die Gesamtmortalität um über 40 % (HR 0,5768; 95 %-CI 0,5650-0,5888; p < 0,0001) und die Rehospitalisierung um 20 % (HR 0,7997; 95 %-CI 0,7758-0,8244; p < 0,0001) in der Gruppe mit KardReha im Vergleich zu den Patienten mit "usual care" signifikant reduziert [14]. [4].…”

Rehabilitation bei Herzinsuffizienz

“…Dies wird durch die EX TRAMATCH II Metaanalyse von 19 randomisierten Studien bestätigt [6]. In einer großen italienischen Beobachtungs studie mit 140 552 Patienten waren nach 7 Jahren die Ge samtmortalität um über 40 % und die Rehospitalisierung um 20 % in der Gruppe mit kardiologischer Rehabilitation im Vergleich zu den Patienten mit der Standardtherapie signifikant reduziert [7].…”

How can multidisciplinary management with remote monitoring improve the outcome of patients with chronic cardiac diseases?

“…The majority of cardiac patients cannot solve their problems during the brief period (6-8 days) of hospitalization in an acute setting and then to overcome the 'transitional period' should undertake a cardiac rehabilitation program [4]. In fact, all chronic patients have complex individual needs, present a progressive decline of their functions and have frequent episodes of serious instabilizations.…”