Impact of immune system stimulation on the ileal nutrient digestibility and utilisation of methionine plus cysteine intake for whole-body protein deposition in growing pigs

Abstract

The impact of immune system stimulation (ISS) on the ileal nutrient digestibility and utilisation of dietary methionine plus cysteine (SAA) intake for whole-body protein deposition (PD) was evaluated in growing pigs. For this purpose, sixty barrows were used in two experiments: thirty-six pigs in Expt I and twenty-four pigs in Expt II. Pigs were feed restricted and assigned to five levels of dietary SAA allowance (three and two levels in Expt I and II, respectively) from SAA-limiting diets. Following adaptation, pigs at each dietary SAA level were injected with either increasing amounts of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (ISSþ; eight and six pigs per dietary SAA level in Expt I and II, respectively) or saline (ISS2; four and six pigs in Expt I and II, respectively) while measuring the whole-body nitrogen (N) balance. After N-balance observations, pigs were euthanised, organs were removed and ileal digesta were collected for determining nutrient digestibility. Ileal digestibility of gross energy, crude protein and amino acids was not affected by ISS (P.0·20). ISS reduced PD at all levels of dietary SAA intake (P, 0·01). The linear relationship between daily dietary SAA intake and PD observed at the three lowest dietary SAA intake levels indicated that ISS increased extrapolated maintenance SAA requirements (P,0·05), but had no effect on the partial efficiency of the utilisation of dietary SAA intake for PD (P. 0·20). Physiological and metabolic changes associated with systemic ISS had no effect on the ileal digestibility of nutrients per se, but altered SAA requirements for PD in growing pigs.

Performance of pigs kept under different sanitary conditions affected by protein intake and amino acid supplementation

“…It should be noted, however, that this effect was not yet present in the starter phase. Our results are in accordance with other studies that show that immune stimulation by different challenges lead to increased requirements for specific AA compared with unchallenged pigs (Grimble and Grimble, 1998;Le Floc'h et al, 2004;Klasing, 2007;Rakhshandeh et al, 2014). As a consequence, these animals require more AA for their immune system.…”

Vitamin E and omega-3 fatty acids independently attenuate plasma concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines and prostaglandin E2 in Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide-challenged growing–finishing pigs1

“…Disease challenge, whether it is clinical or subclinical, under commercial conditions of pig production can lead to the production of numerous immune system-related compounds such as acute phase proteins (Wright et al, 2000) and cytokines (Curfs et al, 1997;Paradis et al, 2012;Rakhshandeh and de Lange, 2012;Rakhshandeh et al, 2014). The increased release of proinflammatory cytokines in immune system-challenged pigs causes reduced feed intake and growth performance and deterioration in feed efficiency, mainly due to altered nutrient partitioning and neurological infection responses such as anorexia and fever (Webel et al, 1997;Kim et al, 2013).…”

“…Immune system stimulation is known to divert nutrient partitioning from body protein and lipid deposition to lymphoid tissues and, therefore, has significant effects on the growth of animals under commercial conditions (Klasing et al, 1991;Rakhshandeh et al, 2010;Kim et al, 2012). The acute phase following immune system stimulation is characterized by increased production of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), mainly from activated monocytes and lymphocytes (Beisel, 1991).…”

Increased Consumption of Sulfur Amino Acids by Both Sows and Piglets Enhances the Ability of the Progeny to Adverse Effects Induced by Lipopolysaccharide

“…Prolonged and/or excessive inflammation caused by stimulants such as LPS can adversely affect animal productivity by inducing muscle catabolism, anorexia and oxidative stress that is damaging to various organs [18]. According to previous reports, the demand for sulfur amino acids (SAAs), most notably cysteine, increases during immune responses [19,20]. Methionine is a precursor of cysteine and a potent antioxidant and immunity regulator [21,22].…”