Impact of ignition technique on total emissions of a firewood stove

Brandelet, Benoît; Rose, Christophe; Rogaume, Caroline; Rogaume, Yann

doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2017.10.047

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In RWC, various combustion technologies and wood fuels are used, which all generate different specific particulate and gaseous emissions [9]. In addition, operational practices have large effects on the emissions and fine particle properties [10][11][12]. Typically, complete combustion produces mainly highly scattering non-absorbing ash and incomplete combustion more absorbing soot (i.e., BC).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine Particle Emissions from Sauna Stoves: Effects of Combustion Appliance and Fuel, and Implications for the Finnish Emission Inventory

et al. 2019

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Sauna Stoves (SS) are simple wood combustion appliances used mainly in Nordic countries. They generate emissions that have an impact on air quality and climate. In this study, a new measurement concept for comparing the operation, thermal efficiency, and real-life fine particle and gaseous emissions of SS was utilized. In addition, a novel, simple, and universal emission calculation procedure for the determination of nominal emission factors was developed for which the equations are presented for the first time. Fine particle and gaseous concentrations from 10 different types of SS were investigated. It was found that each SS model was an individual in relation to stove performance: stove heating time, air-to-fuel ratio, thermal efficiency, and emissions. Nine-fold differences in fine particle mass (PM1) concentrations, and about 90-fold differences in concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were found between the SS, when dry (11% moisture content) birch wood was used. By using moist (18%) wood, particle number and carbon monoxide concentrations increased, but interestingly, PM1, PAH, and black carbon (BC) concentrations clearly decreased, when comparing to dry wood. E.g., PAH concentrations were 5.5–9.6 times higher with dry wood than with moist wood. Between wood species, 2–3-fold maximum differences in the emissions were found, whereas about 1.5-fold differences were observed between bark-containing and debarked wood logs. On average, the emissions measured in this study were considerably lower than in previous studies and emission inventories. This suggests that overall the designs of sauna stoves available on the market have improved during the 2010s. The findings of this study were used to update the calculation scheme behind the inventories, causing the estimates for total PM emissions from SS in Finland to decrease. However, wood-fired sauna stoves are still estimated to be the highest individual emission source of fine particles and black carbon in Finland.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine Particle Emissions from Sauna Stoves: Effects of Combustion Appliance and Fuel, and Implications for the Finnish Emission Inventory

et al. 2019

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“…Bradelet et al [26] studied the effects of CO emission from a top-firing fuel, during which the pyrolytic gases were combusted in the heat layer formed on top of the deposit. They reported a reduction in the levels of CO emissions in addition to other hydrocarbons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The analysis of this process requires knowledge about the fuel properties and their impact on the course of combustion [21]. Some of the parameters that have the greatest impact on emissions include operation management [22,23], fuel characteristics [24], method of air supply [25], ignition technique [26], and the heterogeneous temperature distribution in the combustion chamber that generates so-called cold zones [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Ignition Technique on Pollutants Emission during the Combustion of Selected Solid Biofuels

2020

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Nowadays, heating using wood, briquettes, or pellets is a curious replacement to fossil fuels such as coal, oil, or gas. Unfortunately, the combustion of biofuels, especially in low-power boilers with unstable operating conditions, releases a lot of gas pollutants (e.g., carbon monoxide (CO), nitric oxide (NO), and various organic compounds) that are usually generated due to the incomplete product combustion. The combustion of biofuel in grate boilers with top-down ignition is a new approach, popular in society (mainly used for coal fuels), which improves the combustion process and reduces the amount of pollutants emitted. This study evaluated the impact of ignition techniques on the emission level of gas pollutants during the combustion of wood logs, briquettes, and pellets of pine in grate-based charging boilers. The combination of top ignition mode with pinewood logs allowed us to achieve a reduction of 6% in CO and sulfur dioxide (SO2) emission into the atmosphere. However, the combination of top-down ignition mode with pellets and briquettes produced, in fully operational conditions, 1- to 18-fold higher levels of CO and SO2 respectively, than bottom-up ignition, after an initial period of low level CO and SO2 emissions. During the tests (mainly with ignition from top), substantial emissions of NO were observed of up to 400 mg·m−3 at 10% O2. Therefore, further research is required to decrease emission related to the content of nitrogen in biomass. In this respect, research of impact on the combustion temperature of such emissions is needed.

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“…Emission rates and efficiencies of residential wood heating appliances are affected by a variety of end-user controlled fuel and operational parameters, including the physical and chemical properties of the wood, ignition method, adjustment of the combustion air damper, fuel amount per batch, heat setting and method and frequency of adding new fuel (Brandelet et al 2018;Fachinger et al 2017;Reichert et al 2017Reichert et al , 2016Shen et al 2013;Vicente et al 2015aVicente et al , 2015b. The usage patterns of OWHHs and IWSs are very different, due to the differences in their size, function and technical design.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of real-life operating patterns of wood-burning appliances using stack temperature data

Ahmadi¹,

Minot

Allen³

et al. 2020

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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A study was undertaken to identify patterns of consumer use of outdoor wood boilers or outdoor wood furnaces (technically referred to as outdoor wood-fired hydronic heaters (OWHHs)) and indoor wood stoves (IWSs) to inform the development of performance testing protocols that reflect real-life operating conditions. These devices are manually fed, and their usage protocols are a function of a number of variables, including user habits, household characteristics, and environmental factors. In this study, researchers logged the stack wall temperatures of 4 OWHH and 20 IWS units in the states of New York and Washington over two heating seasons. Stack wall temperature is an indicator of changes in combustion modes. Two algorithms were developed to identify usage modes and cold and warm start refueling events from the stack wall temperature time series. A linear correlation analysis was conducted to evaluate the effect of heat demand on usage patterns. The results and methods presented here will inform the cataloging of typical operational patterns of OWHHs and IWSs as a step in the development of performance testing procedures that represent actual in-home usage patterns.Implications: Current US regulatory programs for residential wood heating use a certification program to assess emissions and efficiency performance. Testing under this program uses a test that burns 100% of a single, standardized wood fuel charge to assess performance at different steady-state load conditions. This study assessed in-field operational patterns to determine if the current certification approach accurately characterized typical homeowner use patterns.

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Impact of ignition technique on total emissions of a firewood stove

Cited by 18 publications

References 35 publications

Fine Particle Emissions from Sauna Stoves: Effects of Combustion Appliance and Fuel, and Implications for the Finnish Emission Inventory

Fine Particle Emissions from Sauna Stoves: Effects of Combustion Appliance and Fuel, and Implications for the Finnish Emission Inventory

Impact of Ignition Technique on Pollutants Emission during the Combustion of Selected Solid Biofuels

Investigation of real-life operating patterns of wood-burning appliances using stack temperature data

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