Impact of Helicobacter pylori‐linked metabolic syndrome on non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and its connected atrial fibrillation risk

Abstract

We agree with the authors of the letter that clinicians should get a detailed history of herbal-and dietary supplement use in case of liver injury. Ashwagandha-induced liver injury should be on the list of differential diagnoses if the patient has been using ashwagandha or multi-ingredient supplements containing ashwagandha.

Impact of Helicobacter pylori-Related Metabolic Syndrome Parameters on Arterial Hypertension

“…Beyond H. pylori-related gastric pathologies [37], H. pylori infection is also associated with MetS-related systemic pathologies, especially cardio-cerebrovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases, the endpoints of MetS [38][39][40][41][42][43]. It is important to note that almost all the aforementioned potential causative agents involved in the pathogenesis of arterial hypertension are also involved in the pathophysiology of H. pylori-related pathologies [36,[38][39][40][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55].…”

Helicobacter pylori, non‐alcoholic liver disease and atrial fibrillation: Is there a link?

“…Therefore, we considered the strength of the association between NAFLD and AF is partially attributed to the co‐existing cardiometabolic risk factors. Dr Kountouras and colleague proposed that based on previous observational studies, patients with Helicobacter pylori infection were associated with higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome and NAFLD, may be H. pylori infection plays a role on the pathophysiology of NAFLD and AF 2 . We thank their interest in our study.…”

“…First, patients with chronic liver disease may be more vulnerable to the severe clinical consequences of COVID-19, including oxygen desaturation and hypoxemia due to severe pneumonia or the cytokine storm. 1,2 Second, liver biochemistry abnormalities are the consequence of drug toxicity.…”

Impact of Helicobacter pylori-related Metabolic Syndrome and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease on the Risk of Acute Myocardial Infarction

“…Moreover, Hp-I is an independent risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF), 8 which remains a frequent arrhythmia in AMI and is closely linked with augmented subsequent cardiovascular mortality; coronary artery disease is a risk factor for AF and coronary embolism due to AF is a cause of AMI; and Hp-related non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, the hepatic component of MetS, is a risk of AF. 8 Finally, Hp-I-related MetS may contribute to the pathophysiology of CVD including AMI by several mechanisms, 9,10 thereby signifying eradication therapy as AMI prevention strategy. Letter to the Editor…”