“…Diagnosis for HIV-associated heart diseases is similar to those observed in HIV-uninfected patients (223,226,230). EEG, ultrasonic cardiogram, coronal artery angiography, left ventriculography, myocardial enzyme, and markers of heart failure are often used to identify HIV-associated heart diseases (211,(268)(269)(270). Except for the need for ART, the therapeutics for HIV-associated heart diseases is similar to HIV-uninfected patients (225,230,236).…”