Impact of human immunodeficiency virus on neurocognition and risky behaviors in young adults

Baker, Laurie; Paul, Robert; Heaps, Jodi M.; Westerhaus, Elizabeth; Chang, Jee Yoon; Williams, S.; Brier, Matthew R.; Plax, Katie; Ances, Beau M.

doi:10.1007/s13365-014-0264-4

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…For NP analyses, only participants with complete datasets (47 HIV−, 93 HIV+) were included in this sub-analysis. Domain composite scores (executive function, memory, psychomotor/processing speed) were calculated as the mean of individual test Z-scores comprising a particular domain [80]. Additionally, a global Z-score was calculated as the average of the three domains.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topographies of Cortical and Subcortical Volume Loss in HIV and Aging in the cART Era

Guha

Brier

Ortega

et al. 2016

JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

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Objectives Studies of HIV-associated brain atrophy often focus on a priori brain regions of interest, which can introduce bias. A data-driven, minimally-biased approach was used to analyze changes in brain volumetrics associated with HIV and their relationship to aging, viral factors, and combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), as well as gender and smoking. Design A cross-sectional study of 51 HIV-uninfected (HIV−) and 146 HIV-infected (HIV+) participants. Methods Structural MRI of participants was analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) to reduce dimensionality and determine topographies of volumetric changes. Neuropsychological (NP) assessment was examined using global and domain-specific scores. The effects of HIV disease factors (e.g. viral load, CD4, etc.) on brain volumes and NP were investigated using penalized regression (LASSO). Results Two components of interest were visualized using PCA. An aging effect predominated for both components. The first component, a cortically-weighted topography, accounted for a majority of variance across participants (43.5% of variance) and showed independent effects of HIV as well as smoking. A secondary, subcortically-weighted topography (4.6%) showed HIV-status accentuated age-related volume loss. In HIV+ patients, the cortical topography correlated with global NP scores and nadir CD4, while subcortical volume loss was associated with recent viral load. Conclusions Cortical regions showed the most prominent volumetric changes due to aging and HIV. Within HIV+ participants, cortical volumes were associated with immune history while subcortical changes correlated with current immune function. Cognitive function was primarily associated with cortical volume changes. Observed volumetric changes in chronic HIV+ patients may reflect both past infection history and current viral status.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topographies of Cortical and Subcortical Volume Loss in HIV and Aging in the cART Era

Guha

Brier

Ortega

et al. 2016

JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

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“…All participants were administered a brief neuropsychological (NP) battery (including Trail Making Tests A and B (TMT-A and TMT-B) (Reitan, 1958), Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R) (Benedict, Schretlen, Groninger, & Brandt, 1998; Brandt & Benedict, 2001), Digit-Symbol Modalities Test (DSMT) (Wechsler, 1997), letter fluency (FAS) (Spreen & Benton, 1963), verb fluency (VF) (Piatt et al, 1999), and Grooved Pegboard non-dominant (GPn) (Matthews & Klove, 1964) to assess cognitive domains commonly affected by HIV (Baker et al, 2014; Overton et al, 2011; Tozzi et al, 2009). Performance on each neuropsychological test was converted to a standardized score ( Z -score) based on published normative data with adjustments applied for age and where available, ethnicity, education, and/or sex (Au et al, 2004; Gladsjo et al, 1999; Norman et al, 2011).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Activity Affects Brain Integrity in HIV+ Individuals

Ortega

Baker

Vaida

et al. 2015

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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Prior research has suggested benefits of aerobic physical activity (PA) on cognition and brain volumes in HIV uninfected (HIV−) individuals, however, few studies have explored the relationships between PA and brain integrity (cognition and structural brain volumes) in HIV-infected (HIV +) individuals. Seventy HIV + individuals underwent neuropsychological testing, structural neuroimaging, laboratory tests, and completed a PA questionnaire, recalling participation in walking, running, and jogging activities over the last year. A PA engagement score of weekly metabolic equivalent (MET) hr of activity was calculated using a compendium of PAs. HIV + individuals were classified as physically active (any energy expended above resting expenditure, n = 22) or sedentary (n = 48). Comparisons of neuropsychological performance, grouped by executive and motor domains, and brain volumes were completed between groups. Physically active and sedentary HIV + individuals had similar demographic and laboratory values, but the active group had higher education (14.0 vs. 12.6 years, p = .034). Physically active HIV + individuals performed better on executive (p = .040, unadjusted; p = .043, adjusted) but not motor function (p = .17). In addition, among the physically active group the amount of physical activity (METs) positively correlated with executive (Pearson’s r = 0.45, p = 0.035) but not motor (r = 0.21; p = .35) performance. In adjusted analyses the physically active HIV + individuals had larger putamen volumes (p = .019). A positive relationship exists between PA and brain integrity in HIV + individuals. Results from the present study emphasize the importance to conduct longitudinal interventional investigation to determine if PA improves brain integrity in HIV + individuals.

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“…A large HIV-related data set is offered by a number of studies including the Chronic Co-Morbid Conditions in HIV+ U.S. Adults on Highly-Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART) (Ances et al, 2012) and Neuroimaging and Neurobehavioral Basis of Risky Decision-Making in Adolescents (Baker et al, 2014). The Silent Cerebral Infarct Transfusion Trial (SITT) (Vendt et al, 2009) offers a data set for the 29 site sickle cell study which ran from 2004 through 2013, acquiring MR data on Siemens, Philips and GE scanners.…”

Section: Data Requestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Washington University Central Neuroimaging Data Archive

Gurney

Olsen²,

Flavin

et al. 2017

NeuroImage

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Since the early 2000’s, much of the neuroimaging work at Washington University (WU) has been facilitated by the Central Neuroimaging Data Archive (CNDA), an XNAT-based imaging informatics system. The CNDA is uniquely related to XNAT, as it served as the original codebase for the XNAT open source platform. The CNDA hosts data acquired in over 1000 research studies, encompassing 36,000 subjects and more than 60,000 imaging sessions. Most imaging modalities used in modern human research are represented in the CNDA, including magnetic resonance (MR), positron emission tomography (PET), computed tomography (CT), nuclear medicine (NM), computed radiography (CR), digital radiography (DX), and ultrasound (US). However, the majority of the imaging data in the CNDA are MR and PET of the human brain. Currently, about 20% of the total imaging data in the CNDA is available by request to external researchers. CNDA’s available data includes large sets of imaging sessions and in some cases clinical, psychometric, tissue, or genetic data acquired in the study of Alzheimer’s disease, brain metabolism, cancer, HIV, sickle cell anemia, and Tourette syndrome.

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Impact of human immunodeficiency virus on neurocognition and risky behaviors in young adults

Cited by 12 publications

References 43 publications

Topographies of Cortical and Subcortical Volume Loss in HIV and Aging in the cART Era

Topographies of Cortical and Subcortical Volume Loss in HIV and Aging in the cART Era

Physical Activity Affects Brain Integrity in HIV+ Individuals

The Washington University Central Neuroimaging Data Archive

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