Impact of housing condition on indoor-biting and indoor-resting Anopheles arabiensis density in a highland area, central Ethiopia

Animut, Abebe; Balkew, Meshesha; Lindtjørn, Bernt

doi:10.1186/1475-2875-12-393

Cited by 49 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The reasons for these apparently counter intuitive associations are unclear. One may speculate that these households may have had a more favorable temperature for mosquitoes, as shown before, 23 or were adapted in response to high mosquito exposure in that part of the village. Alternatively, it may be a chance finding and houses were coincidentally of higher quality in this area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Patterns of Plasmodium falciparum Clinical Incidence, Asymptomatic Parasite Carriage and Anopheles Density in Two Villages in Mali

Sissoko¹,

Hoogen²,

Samake³

et al. 2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Heterogeneity in malaria exposure is most readily recognized in areas with low-transmission patterns. By comparison, little research has been done on spatial patterns in malaria exposure in high-endemic settings. We determined the spatial clustering of clinical malaria incidence, asymptomatic parasite carriage, and Anopheles density in two villages in Mali exposed to low-and mesoendemic-malaria transmission. In the two study areas that were < 1 km 2 in size, we observed evidence for spatial clustering of Anopheles densities or malaria parasite carriage during the dry season. Anopheles density and malaria prevalence appeared associated in some of our detected hotspots. However, many households with high parasite prevalence or high Anopheles densities were located outside the identified hotspots. Our findings indicate that within small villages exposed to low-or mesoendemic-malaria transmission, spatial patterns in mosquito densities and parasite carriage are best detected in the dry season. Considering the high prevalence of parasite carriage outside detected hotspots, the suitability of the area for targeting control efforts to households or areas of more intense malaria transmission may be limited.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Patterns of Plasmodium falciparum Clinical Incidence, Asymptomatic Parasite Carriage and Anopheles Density in Two Villages in Mali

Sissoko¹,

Hoogen²,

Samake³

et al. 2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…24 An interesting finding in this study was the association between an increase in the number of openings in the room where the study participant slept (presence of windows or eaves) and a lower incidence of malaria, which is contradictory to the findings from several other studies. [4][5][6]22,23,25 Indeed, conventional wisdom would suggest that more openings would lead to a higher mosquito density and an increased risk of malaria. In a randomized controlled trial from the Gambia, full or ceiling screening was associated with a reduction in vector density and childhood anemia, but had no effect on the prevalence of malaria infection.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…5 Anopheles gambiae, one of the primary vectors in Africa, typically approaches a home via scent, flies up the external wall, and enters the house through open eaves, attracted by the microclimate and odors of humans coming from the house. 22,23 Similarly, traditional thatched roofs may be associated with holes and eaves with large gaps that enable mosquito vectors common in Africa to enter. 22 Traditional floors made of earth may also provide an odorous and moist environment, attracting mosquitoes to the dwelling.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…This hypothesis is supported by a study from Ethiopia, where homes with windows were found to have a lower density of indoor biting mosquitoes compared with homes without windows. 23 Increased openings may also increase airflow and reduce thermal discomfort, therefore improving compliance with sleeping under an ITN throughout the night. 26 In addition to reducing the risk of malaria infection, studies have shown that improved household construction is also associated with a reduction of other infectious diseases.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Poor Housing Construction Associated with Increased Malaria Incidence in a Cohort of Young Ugandan Children

Snyman¹,

Mwangwa²,

Bigira³

et al. 2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Despite the use of accepted interventions to combat malaria, such as insecticide-treated bed nets and artemisinin-based combination therapy, malaria remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Uganda. We investigated associations between household factors and malaria incidence in a cohort of children living in a highly endemic region of Uganda. Living in a modern house, defined as the use of non-earth floors, non-thatched roofs, and non-mud walls, was associated with approximately half malaria incidence compared with living in a traditional home (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 0.54, P = 0.001). Other factors found to be associated with a lower incidence of malaria included living in town versus rural setting; sleeping in a room with openings to the outside (windows, eaves, and airbricks); and having an older and more educated primary caregiver. This study adds to the growing body of evidence that improved house construction may be associated with a lower risk of malaria.

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“…Malaria parasite transmission is mediated by females of Anopheles mosquitoes in Sub-Saharan of Africa. These female mosquitoes to have progeny and survive, need to seek for blood meal in order to lay eggs, and that blood meal takes place most of the time late and indoors on humans [6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Novel Lehmann’s Funnel Entry Trap Prototypes Performance to Control Malaria Mosquito Populations

Sanou

Maïga

Bilgo

et al. 2020

Preprint

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BackgroundThere is a global consensus that new intervention tools are needed to cross the last miles in malaria elimination/eradication. In a recent study in Burkina Faso, the Lehmann Funnel Entry Trap (LFET) have shown excellent promise in mosquito densities reducing even in area of high insecticide resistance up to 80%. It requires no chemicals and is self-operated. However, one of the issues of the LFET is the big size of the funnel occupying lot of space inside houses. Here we compared the performance of three new prototypes of LFET with reduced size that combine screening and killing effect on mosquitoes. MethodsThe study was carried out for three months during the rainy season both in low and high malaria vector density sites, Soumousso and Vallée du Kou respectively. The original LFET was modified and 3 new prototypes were produced locally and tested over 3 months (8 days/month) to evaluate their effectiveness in trapping and killing mosquitoes entering houses through the windows. ResultsIn both sites, an overall of 78,435 culicine mosquitoes collected in both traps and houses and most of them were mainly Anopheles gambiae s.l. n= 76,558 (98%) and other species represented n = 1,877 (2%). Of the culicine caught in the trial, n= 55,256 (72%) were collected in traps. The 3 new LFET prototypes reduced the indoor density of mosquitoes collected in the houses by a range of 36 to 73% and 69 to 70% in low vector density setting, Soumousso and high vector density area, Vallée du Kou respectively. The prototype 1 caught a greater number of mosquitoes than the prototype 2 whereas no difference was observed between other prototypes in VK3. In Soumousso, the prototypes 1 and 2 collected significantly higher number of mosquitoes compared to the prototypes 3 and 4. ConclusionThis study has shown that the new LFET prototypes are promising for malaria vector control and could enter in the malaria vector control toolbox in the coming years. Therefore, a large-scale study with one of the prototypes is needed on the practical ability and community acceptance of the LFET to control malaria vectors.

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Impact of housing condition on indoor-biting and indoor-resting Anopheles arabiensis density in a highland area, central Ethiopia

Cited by 49 publications

References 27 publications

Spatial Patterns of Plasmodium falciparum Clinical Incidence, Asymptomatic Parasite Carriage and Anopheles Density in Two Villages in Mali

Spatial Patterns of Plasmodium falciparum Clinical Incidence, Asymptomatic Parasite Carriage and Anopheles Density in Two Villages in Mali

Poor Housing Construction Associated with Increased Malaria Incidence in a Cohort of Young Ugandan Children

Assessment of Novel Lehmann’s Funnel Entry Trap Prototypes Performance to Control Malaria Mosquito Populations

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