Impact of hot and cold exposure on human skeletal muscle gene expression

Zak, Roksana; Shute, Robert; Heesch, Matthew; Bubak, Matthew; Dinan, Nicholas; Laursen, Terence; Slivka, Dustin

doi:10.1139/apnm-2016-0415

Cited by 26 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The use of a similar time period of room temperature recovery did not increase PGC-1␣ mRNA in the cold exercise trial compared with the room temperature trial. Additionally, exposure to cold environmental temperature without physical activity is not an adequate stimulus for increasing PGC-1␣ mRNA (43,52). Exposure to 3 h of cold temperature without exercise does not increase PGC-1␣ compared with a 3-h exposure to standard room temperature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Effects of exercise in a cold environment on transcriptional control of PGC-1α

Shute

Heesch

Zak

et al. 2018

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) mRNA is increased with both exercise and exposure to cold temperature. However, transcriptional control has yet to be examined during exercise in the cold. Additionally, the need for environmental cold exposure after exercise may not be a practical recovery modality. The purpose of this study was to determine mitochondrial-related gene expression and transcriptional control of PGC-1α following exercise in a cold compared with room temperature environment. Eleven recreationally trained males completed two 1-h cycling bouts in a cold (7°C) or room temperature (20°C) environment, followed by 3 h of supine recovery in standard room conditions. Muscle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis preexercise, postexercise, and after a 3-h recovery. Gene expression and transcription factor binding to the PGC-1α promoter were analyzed. PGC-1α mRNA increased from preexercise to 3 h of recovery, but there was no difference between trials. Estrogen-related receptor-α (ERRα), myocyte enhancer factor-2 (MEF2A), and nuclear respiratory factor-1 (NRF-1) mRNA were lower in cold than at room temperature. Forkhead box class-O (FOXO1) and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) binding to the PGC-1α promoter were increased postexercise and at 3 h of recovery. MEF2A binding increased postexercise, and activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2) binding increased at 3 h of recovery. These data indicate no difference in PGC-1α mRNA or transcriptional control after exercise in cold versus room temperature and 3 h of recovery. However, the observed reductions in the mRNA of select transcription factors downstream of PGC-1α indicate a potential influence of exercise in the cold on the transcriptional response related to mitochondrial biogenesis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Effects of exercise in a cold environment on transcriptional control of PGC-1α

Shute

Heesch

Zak

et al. 2018

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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“…T he environmental conditions, in which recovery takes place after exercise, may have implications on the cellular and physiological outcomes of that exercise bout. Previous researches from our laboratory have investigated a number of skeletal muscle responses following recovery from endurance exercise in environmental temperatures (Slivka et al, 2012;Zak et al, 2017), local temperature application (Tucker et al, 2012), and normobaric hypoxia (NH) environments (Slivka et al, 2014). However, achieving hypoxia through a lowered oxygen fraction such as in NH may be physiologically different from terrestrial high altitude or hypobaric hypoxia (HH) where oxygen fraction remains constant, but barometric pressure is lower.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skeletal Muscle mRNA Response to Hypobaric and Normobaric Hypoxia After Normoxic Endurance Exercise

Ross

Shute

Ruby

et al. 2019

High Altitude Medicine & Biology

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Background: The physiological effects of hypoxia may be influenced by how hypoxia is achieved. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of recovery in hypobaric hypoxia (HH), normobaric hypoxia (NH), and normobaric normoxia (NN) after endurance exercise on gene expression related to mitochondrial biogenesis, myogenesis, and proteolysis. Methods: Fifteen recreationally trained subjects each cycled for 1 hour before recovering for 4 hours in NN (laboratory atmospheric conditions, 975 m), HH (depressurized to simulate 4420 m), and NH (fraction of O 2 reduced to simulate 4420 m). Muscle biopsy samples were obtained before exercise and after 4 hours of recovery. Results: Blood oxygenation (SpO 2) was lower in HH (76.02-0.58%) than NH (79.45-0.56, p < 0.001), which were both lower than in NN (96.3-0.17, p < 0.001). Heart rate was higher in HH (82-2 bpm) than NH (77-1 bpm, p < 0.001), which were both higher than in NN (67-1 bpm, p < 0.001). Mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) mRNA was lower after NN than HH (p = 0.034) or NH (p = 0.005), but was not different between HH and NH (p = 0.460). Myostatin (MSTN) mRNA decreased from pre-to postexercise (p < 0.001) in all conditions and was lower in HH compared with NH (p = 0.035) and NN (p = 0.017). No other differences were noted in genes related to mitochondrial biogenesis, myogenesis, or proteolysis (p > 0.05). Conclusion: TFAM mRNA is lower with hypoxia exposure, but effected by the type of hypoxia. MSTN gene expression is lower after exposure to HH than NH or NN. These data support previous work and caution the translation of NH data obtained in a NH environment to a HH environment.

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“…Such mechanism also occurs in beige adipose tissue ( Shabalina et al, 2013 ), whose formation is stimulated in the cold ( Fisher et al, 2012 ) or by caloric restriction ( Fabbiano et al, 2016 ). Notably, acute exposures (3 h) of healthy humans to cold temperatures (7°C) seems to not elicit changes in skeletal muscle gene expression ( Zak et al, 2017 ). Therefore, it has been discussed that exercise might be a necessary accompanying condition to induce expression of respective genes when acutely exposed to extreme environmental temperatures.…”

Section: Humans Exposed To Extreme Environmental Temperaturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is in line with observations on reduced expression of mRNAs related to mitochondrial proteins in humans exercising in hot environments as opposed to room temperature ( Heesch et al, 2016 ). However, it appears that heat as a sole stimulus is ineffective, but that exercising in the heat is required to induce the respective metabolic adjustments in skeletal muscle ( Zak et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Humans Exposed To Extreme Environmental Temperaturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extreme Terrestrial Environments: Life in Thermal Stress and Hypoxia. A Narrative Review

et al. 2018

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Living, working and exercising in extreme terrestrial environments are challenging tasks even for healthy humans of the modern new age. The issue is not just survival in remote environments but rather the achievement of optimal performance in everyday life, occupation, and sports. Various adaptive biological processes can take place to cope with the specific stressors of extreme terrestrial environments like cold, heat, and hypoxia (high altitude). This review provides an overview of the physiological and morphological aspects of adaptive responses in these environmental stressors at the level of organs, tissues, and cells. Furthermore, adjustments existing in native people living in such extreme conditions on the earth as well as acute adaptive responses in newcomers are discussed. These insights into general adaptability of humans are complemented by outcomes of specific acclimatization/acclimation studies adding important information how to cope appropriately with extreme environmental temperatures and hypoxia.

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Impact of hot and cold exposure on human skeletal muscle gene expression

Cited by 26 publications

References 29 publications

Effects of exercise in a cold environment on transcriptional control of PGC-1α

Effects of exercise in a cold environment on transcriptional control of PGC-1α

Skeletal Muscle mRNA Response to Hypobaric and Normobaric Hypoxia After Normoxic Endurance Exercise

Extreme Terrestrial Environments: Life in Thermal Stress and Hypoxia. A Narrative Review

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