Impact of high residential density on the building technology, HVAC systems, and indoor environment in Swedish apartments

Abstract

During the last few years, there has been an increased number of overcrowded apartments, due to increased migration but also housing shortage in general, particularly in the suburbs to major cities. The question is how the indoor environment in these apartments is affected by the high number of persons and how the problems related to high residential density can be overcome. This paper aims to specify the problem by investigating and analysing the technical parameters influenced by residential density in Swedish apartments built between 1965-1974. To map the situation, 11 interviews with employees at housing companies were conducted. Based on extreme conditions described in the interviews, simulations of the indoor climate and moisture risks at some vulnerable parts of constructions were made. Simulations were focused on moisture loads and CO2 concentrations as functions of residential density and ventilation rate. Finally, measures to combat problems associated to overcrowding are suggested. The aim is that the results should be used by authorities to formulate incentives and/or recommendations for housing companies to take actions to ensure a good indoor environment for all, irrespective of residential density conditions.

Determining the Impact of High Residential Density on Indoor Environment, Energy Use, and Moisture Loads in Swedish Apartments-and Measures for Mitigation

“…This paper is an extended version of work published in [27]. We extend our previous work by (1) adding content to the introduction on previous publications regarding the topic of the paper and content found through a systematic literature search; (2) further clarifying results from literature reviews; (3) adding analyses of the impact of mitigating measures; (4) adding analyses of the impact on the energy use, indoor air quality, thermal comfort, and risk for mold growth; and finally (5) adding content to the discussion and conclusions of the study.…”